C5 Chemical Changes Flashcards
What happens to the reactivity of metals when you go down group one
The reactivity increases
Order of metal reactivity in group 1
1-potassium (most reactive)
2-sodium
3-lithium.
What are the three most reactive metals
Postasium, sodium and magnesium
What are the three least reactive metals
Platinum
Gold
Silver
2 ways potassium sodium lithium and calcium react with water
- They fizz
- They leave an alkaline solution of metal hydroxide
How do magnesium, aluminium, zinc and iron react with water
There is a very slow reaction
How do tin and lead react with water
Slight reaction with steam
How do copper, silver and gold react with water
No reaction, even with steam
What is oxidation
The loss of electrons
What is reduction
The gain of electrons
What is an ionic equation
Shows only the atoms and ions that change in a reaction
Where do metals come from
The earth’s crust
What is a metal ore
when there is enough metal or metal compound in a rock to make it worth extracting the metal.
What is a displacement reaction
When a more reactive metal will displace a less reactive metal from its aqueous solution
Why is carbon used to extract metals
Many metals are found combined with oxygen as metal oxides. Due to carbin being more reactive it is used to extract the metals from their oxides
What is the general equation which best describes neutralisation reaction
Acid + base —> a salt + water
Equation on how to make salts
Metal + acid —> a salt + hydrogen
How can salts be made
By reacting a suitable metal with an acid. The metal must be above hydrogen in the reactivity series.
What is the reaction between a metal and an acid an example of
Redox reaction
What happens during the redox reaction
The metal atoms lose electrons and hydrogen ions from the acid gain electrons and are reduced
What are salts made up of
Positive metal ions
What charges do salts have
No overall charge.
What happens when an acid reacts with a base
A neutralisation reaction occurs
What happens when an acid reacts with an alkali
A neutralisation reaction occurs
Word equation for when an acid reacts with an alkali
Acid + alkali —> a salt + water
General equation for when an acid reacts with a metal carbonate
Acid + a carbonate —> a salt + water + carbon dioxide
What does the pH scale tell you
How acidic or alkaline a solution is
What does a pH of 0-6 mean
The solution is acidic
What does a pH of 7 mean
It is neutral
What does a pH of 8-14 mean
The solution is alkali
Examples of strong acids
Hydrochloric acid
Nitric acid
Sulfuric acid
Examples of weak acids
Ethanoic acids (found in vinegar)
Citric acid (found in citrus fruits)
Carbonic acid (found in fizzy drinks)
