C1 Atomic Structure Flashcards
What are all substances made up of
Atoms
How many types of atoms do elements contain
One
How many types of atoms do compounds contain
More than 1
Structure of an atom
Has a tiny nucleus at its centre, surrounded by electrons
What information can be deduced from the chemical formula CO2
There is one carbon atom which is chemically bonded with two oxygen atoms
What did john dalton think atoms were
Solid spheres.
What did jj thomson think atoms were
Plum pudding model- the atom is a ball of charge with electrons scattered.
What did ernest rutherford’s alpha scattering experiment show
the atom is mostly empty space with a tiny, dense, positively-charged nucleus
What did niels bohr discover
Electrons are in shells orbiting the nucleus
What did james chadwick discover
There were neutrons in the nucleus.
What does the atomic mass equal
Number of protons + number of neutrons
What does the atomic number show
Number of protons and electrons
What does negligible mean
Mass of an electron (1/2000)
How do you find the amount of neutrons
Mass number-atomic number
How are electrons arranged
In shells
How many electrons can the first shell hold
2
How many electrons can the second and higher shells hold
8 electrons
What does the number of electrons in the outermost shell of an element’s atoms determine
The way in which that element reacts.
Why do group ones lose an electron
To become a noble gas to become stable.
How does sodium chloride make an ion formation
Sodium wants to get rid of the electron in the outer shell to become more stable and chlorine wants to gain an electron to make a full shell so the sodium electron goes to chlorine
