C3 Structure And Bonding

Question 1

What is ionic bonding

Answer 1

Ionic compounds are held together by strong forces of attraction between their oppositely charged ions

Question 2

How are electrons transferred between a magnesium atom and oxygen atom

Answer 2

The magnesium atom has 2 electrons on its outermost shell which it wants to lose but oxygen has 6 and wants to gain 2 so the magnesium’s electrons go to the oxygen atom

Question 3

What ions do group 1 form

Answer 3

1+

Question 4

What ions do group 2 form

Answer 4

2+

Question 5

What ions do group 3 form

Answer 5

3+

Question 6

What ions do group 4 form

Answer 6

Do not form ions

Question 7

What ions do group 5 form

Answer 7

3-

Question 8

What ions do group 6 form

Answer 8

2-

Question 9

What ions do group 7 form

Answer 9

1-

Question 10

What ions do group 0 form

Answer 10

Never form ions in compounds

Question 11

Why do ionic compounds have high melting points

Answer 11

The ionic bonds are very strong and operate in all directions which hold a giant ionic lattice together meaning it takes a lot of energy to break them

Question 12

What are ionic compounds at room temperature

Answer 12

Solids

Question 13

When and why will ionic compounds conduct electricity

Answer 13

When molten or dissolved in water. This is because their ions can then become mobile and can carry charge through the liquid

Question 14

Why are convalent bonds formed

Answer 14

Atoms of non-metals share pairs of electrons with each other

Question 15

Why do atoms convalently bond with other atoms

Answer 15

To gain more stability, which is gained by forming a full electron shell

Question 16

How do the pairs of electrons in convalent bonding bond the atoms together

Answer 16

Electrostatic attraction between electrons and positive nuclei on either side of the pair of electrons

Question 17

Why do convalent compounds have low boiling and melting points

Answer 17

They have strong convalent bonds yet the intermolecular forces between molecules are weak therefore meaning it doesn’t require much energy to seperate.

Question 18

Do simple molecules conduct electricity

Answer 18

No as they have no overall charge meaning they cannot carry electrical charge.

Question 19

What are polymers

Answer 19

A substance or material which are made up of many small reactive molecules that bond to each other to form long chains

Question 20

Properties of giant convalent structures

Answer 20

-They have very high melting and boiling points.
-They are insoluble in water
-Apart from graphite, they are hard and don’t conduct electricity.

Question 21

What are giant convalent structures

Answer 21

Huge networks of atoms held together by convalent bonds

Question 22

Why can graphite conduct electricity

Answer 22

Graphite’s layers are arranged in hexagons, each carbon atom forms three strong convalent bonds. Carbon atoms have 4 electrons in the outer shell meaning there is one spare on each atom in graphite. These delocalised electrons move freely across the layers and allow graphite to conduct electricity

Question 23

Why is graphite used for pencils

Answer 23

As there are no convalent bonds between the layers only weak intermolecular forces the layers can slide over each other easily which can transfer on to paper.

Question 24

What are fullerenes

Answer 24

Large cage like structures and tubes, based on hexagonal rings of carbon atoms

Question 25

What are fullerenes used for

Answer 25

A transport mechanism for drugs to specific sites in the body

Question 26

Difference between graphene and graphite

Answer 26

Graphene is a single layer of graphite so it is one atom think

Question 27

Properties of graphene

Answer 27

-excellent electrical conductivity
-incredibly strong for there mass
-very low density

Question 28

How are metal atoms structured

Answer 28

Closely packed together and arranged in regular layers.

Question 29

What is metallic bonding

Answer 29

The electrostatic attraction between positive metal ions and delocalised electrons

Question 30

What is an alloy

Answer 30

A mixture of metals