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Chemistry > C5-Chemical Changes > Flashcards

C5-Chemical Changes Flashcards

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1
Q

Meals can be placed in order of reactivitty …

A

by their reactions with water and dilute acid .

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2
Q

How do Potassium , SOdiuma nd Lithiumr eact iwth ater

A

very rapidly produce alkaline solutions .
Dilute acids - dangerously explode

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3
Q

How does magnesium ,aluminumm , zinc iron react ith water

A

very slow reaction .
dilute acids - fizz give off h ydrogen gass and forms alt .

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4
Q

How do tin and lead react with water ?

A

slight reaction with steam ,
dilute acids - slowlh

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5
Q

hwo do copper silver gold reaction water

A

no reactio evenw ith steam .
dilute acids no reaction

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6
Q

How do you work out the reactivityof a metal .

A

-When metals react , they lose electons and form positive ions .
-the reacticity of it a metal depends on its ability to lose electrons and form a positive ion
Potassium has the biggest aiity to form a positive ion and copper with the least.

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7
Q

What is the displacement rule ?

A

-A more reactive element will push put (displace) a less reactive element from its compound .
Magnesium + Iron oxide —> Magnesium oxide6Iron .

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8
Q

What is oxidation ?

A

Loss of electrons .

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9
Q

What is Reduction ?

A

Gain of electrons .

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10
Q

Check sheet and see what elements have eben oxidised and what has gained electrons write half euqaions .

A

-zinc has een oxidised
-copper has .been reduced

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11
Q

Unreactive metals are …

A

Like Gold aare found in the Earths crust as the metal itself (as Gold is so unreactive ) .

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12
Q

Metls react with oxygen …

A

to form compounds
Iron Oxidde Copper Oxide .

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13
Q

What cna displace Iron ?

A

Any metlas more reactive than Iron can dispalce Iron

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14
Q

State the products
What is oxidised
and what is reduced in this reaction ?
Lithim +Magnesium Oxide—>

A

Lithium Oxide + Magneisum .
Lithiumm gains oxygen so is being oxidiised
and magensiumm is reduced

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15
Q

What are the three acids used a lot in Chemistry ?

A

Hydrochloric acis HCL
Sulfuric Acid H2S04
Nitric Acid H2O3
All acids contain hydrgoen .

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16
Q

How can hydrogen be displaced ?

A

All metals higher than hydrogen can dispalce hydorgena s it is more rective than hydrogen /

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17
Q

acid +metal

A

—> salt +hydrogen

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18
Q

What two Salts do u need to know ?

A

Hydrochloric Acid - salt formed - Choride CL-ions
Sulfuric accid -salt form-Sulfate S042- ions

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19
Q

What three metals can you be asked , reaction with hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid .

A

Magnesium , zinc and iron .

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20
Q

write the reactions with sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid for magnesium , zinc and iron .

A

Check sheet .
HCL HAS 2 INFRONT OF IT .

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21
Q

How does magnesium react with acid why ?

A

Rapdily , as magneisum is a lot more reactive than hydrogen . And easily forms magnesium 2+ ions .

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22
Q

How does Zinc react with hydrogen ?

A

Quie rapidly as Zinc is more reactive . ANd quiet easily forms Zn2+iions .

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23
Q

How does Iron rect with Hydrogen ?

A

Iron reacts filry slowlyw ith acid , as iron is onl slightly more reactive than hydrogen . IRON LESS EASILY FORMS 2+IONS .

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24
Q

What are acids ?

A

Acids produces HydrogeN ions (h+) in an aqueous solution .

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25
Q

based on acid defenition , how does hydrochloric acid split ?

A

HCL—> H+ + Cl-

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26
Q

Based on acid defenition , how does sulphuric acid split ?

A

H2SO4—>2H+ +So4two minus .

27
Q

Foor hydrochloric acid reavtion with zinc , iron and magnesium , what is oxidisied what is reudced ?

A

Chec sheet
Magnesium , iron , zinc (metals) loose electrons they are OXIDISED .Looses two .
Hydrogen is Reduced gaisn two electrrons .
(write all of them out )

28
Q

What is the required practial about ?

A

How to make soluble salt using an acid .

29
Q

What is a salt ?

A

A salt is compoound formed when spme of the hydrogen in an acid is repalced by a metal .
a salt is made from a positive metal ions and a negative ion from an acid .

30
Q

RQP What is the positive ion , what is the negative ion .

A

Copper Oxide +Sulfuric Acid —> Copper Sulfate +water
Metal[positive ion Cu2+
Negative ion -So2- you need sulphuric acid to make this
Can be done using COPPER OXIDE OR COPPER CARBONAE , SAME STEPS .

31
Q

First stage of RQP ?

A

Start with a fixed volume of dilute sulfuric acid .
-this is a limiting reactant .

32
Q

Why is the sulfuric acid a limtiign reactant ?

A

-As we don;t want any excess ulfuric acid as it can contaminate our salt .

33
Q

Second stage of RQP ?

A

Gently heat acid until its almsot boiling (dont want ubbling over as it dangerous when adding oother reactan ).

34
Q

Third stage of RQP ?

A

Using a spatula , add small amounts of copper oxide to the acid .

35
Q

fourth stage of RQP ?

A

stir solution using a glass rod .

36
Q

fifth stage of RQP ?

A

Copper oxide will react and seem to disappera .
-Solution will turn blue colour , colour of copper sulfae ,
-continue adding copper oxdie if solotuion continues to be a clear blue .

37
Q

sixth stage of RQP ?

A

stop adding copper oxide if some powder remains after stirring .
-at this point , reaction has topped all acid has reacted .

38
Q

seventh stage of RQP ?

A

Using filtiration , remove any unreaced copper oxide .

39
Q

eigth stage of RQP ?

A

Take copper sulfate solution and palce in evaporating bain .
-Genlt heat over beaker of boiign ater , heat until half of solution remains .

40
Q

ninth stage of RQP ?

A

-Leave solution for 24 hrs in cool place for copper sulfate crystals to form .
-Scrape crystals into paper townel , gently pat dry and no ou have pure dry copper sulfate crystals .

41
Q

Equipment needed for the RQP ?

A

-Heat proof mat
Tripod
Bunsen burner
Gauze
Beaker
FILITRIRATION Filter paper and filter funnel
Copper oxide is a bblack powder .

42
Q

What is this RQP an example of ?

A

Neutralisation
Acid+base —> salt +water
also same for CARBONATE
Acid+Carbonate —> a salt+water +carbondioxide

43
Q

What are bases ?

A

Bases are chemiclas which can neutralise acids and porduce salt + water.
Bases are usually meal oxides or metal hydroxides .

44
Q

Whata re alklais ?

A

Bases that are soluble in water . (sodium hydroxide) is a base and an alkali .

45
Q

What do alkalis produce is aqueous solution (oH-)

A

Sodium Hydroixde : NaOH—> NA+ OH-

46
Q

What are the rpducts
Nitric acid +lithium hydroixxide

A

Lithium nitrate and water .
nitric acids forms nitrates

47
Q

acid +alkali

A

—> salt +water

48
Q

acid +carbonate

A

—> a salt + water + caarbondioxide

49
Q

examples of carbonates ?

A

Sodium Carbonate
Calcium Carbonate
Potassium Carbonate
all contian a metal ion

50
Q

hydrochlroic aicd+sodium carbonate

A

—> sodium chlirde +water+carbon dioxidie
do the same form calcium carbonate
and potassim carbonate .

51
Q

Predict the products
Hydrochloric acid +Copeprcarbonate —>

A

Copper Chirde+Water+Co2

52
Q

What is the Ph scale ?

A

Ph sclae tells us the acidity or alkalinity of a soloution
eiehther we use a pH proble (electronically ) or universlsal indictor (changes color dpeending or acidic , alkaline or neutral ).

53
Q

Universal Indicator Colours ;

A

Green -neutral
Colours toward red - acidic
colours towards purple -alkaline

54
Q

acids have a ph …

A

less than 7

55
Q

solutions with a ph of 7 are …

A

neutral

56
Q

solutions witha ph 8-14

A

are alkaline ,

57
Q

reaction betwene acids and alkalines ?
NEUTRALISIATION EQUATION ACC

A

acids produce Hdrogen ions form H+ ions in aquoeus solutions
alkalnes Hydroixide ions form Oh-ions
H+ + OH—-> water
hydrogen and hdyroxide ions form water .

58
Q

What are strong acids ?

A

Strong cids fully ionise in aqueopus soltioions .
(Lower Ph than weak acidd as hydrgogen ions fully ionise ) due to one way arrow —>.

59
Q

What are weak acids ?

A

Partially ionise in aqueous solotuions .
(higher ph)
Ph scale gives idea of cocnentration of hydrogen ions .
arrow reversible reaction shows not alla cid molecules fully ionise .

60
Q

example of strong acid

A

hydrochloric acid
sulfuric acid
nitric acid

61
Q

example of weak acids

A

carbonic acid
ethanoic acid
citric acids

62
Q

Why do stronger acids have a lower ph than weak acids ?

A

BECAUSE , strong acids fullyy ionise , porducing a greater concentration of h ydrogen ions than weak acids .

63
Q

As the PH scale decreses by one unit …

A

the concentration of hydroge ions increase by ten times .
ph1 has a 10x greater concentrtion than ph2 ONE ORDER OF MAGNITUDE AKAA AS .
and has a 100x greater concentration than ph3 TWO ORDERS OF MAGNITDE AKA AS

64
Q

wHAT ELSE IS PH EFFECTED BY ?

A

tHE COCNENTRATION OF AN ACID ,M TELS US THE AMOUNTO F ACID MOLECULES INA GIVEN VOLUME OF SOLUTION .
-a DILUTE ACID WILL HAVE FEWE CID MOLECULES IN A GIVEN VOLUEME THAN A COCNENTRACED CID , EVEN IF THE STENGTH OF THE ACID IS THE SAM E.

Chemistry (20 decks)

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