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Chemistry > C5 > Flashcards

C5 Flashcards

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1
Q

What neutralises an acid?

A

A base (alkali)

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2
Q

Neutralisation equation

A

Acid + base –> salt + water

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3
Q

What do acids form in water?

A

Positive hydrogen ions

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4
Q

What do alkalis form in water?

A

Negative hydroxide ions

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5
Q

Symbol equation of neutralisation

A

H(positive) + OH(negative) –> H2O

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6
Q

What do strong acids do in water?

A

They ionise completely - all acid particles dissociate to release positive hydrogen ions

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7
Q

What do weak acids do in solution?

A

They don’t fully ionise in solution - only a small proportion of acid particles dissociate to release positive hydrogen ions

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8
Q

Examples of strong acids

A

Sulfuric acid
Hydrochloric acid
Nitric acid

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9
Q

Examples of weak acids

A

Ethanoic acid
Citric acid
Carbonic acid

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10
Q

How do acids react?

A

The positive hydrogen ions react with other substances

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11
Q

What happens if the concentration of positive hydrogen ions is higher?

A

The rate of reaction will be faster, therefore strong acids will be more reactive than weak acids of the same concentration

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12
Q

What is pH?

A

A measure of the concentration of positive hydrogen ions in the solution

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13
Q

What does acid strength tell you?

A

What proportion of the acid molecules ionise in water

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14
Q

Reactivity series

A

Potassium
Sodium
Lithium
Calcium
Magnesium
Aluminium
CARBON
Zinc
Iron
Tin
Lead
HYDROGEN
Copper
Silver
Gold
Platinum

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15
Q

Metals that react with water out of the RS

A

Potassium, sodium, lithium and calcium

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16
Q

Metals that don’t react with water out of the RS

A

Zinc, iron and copper

17
Q

what are ores?

A

Rocks from which it is economical to extract the metals that they contain.

18
Q

Oxidation =

A

Gain of oxygen
Loss of electrons

19
Q

Reduction =

A

Loss of oxygen
Gain of electrons

20
Q

Metals higher than carbon…

A

…Have to be extracted by electrolysis

21
Q

Metals lower than carbon…

A

…Have to be extracted by carbon reduction

22
Q

What are redox reactions?

A

REDuction and OXidation happen at the same time (REDOX)

23
Q

What is a negative ion?

A

Anion

24
Q

What is a positive ion?

A

Cation

25
Q

Are metal oxides and hydroxides bases or acids?

A

Bases

26
Q

Are metal carbonates bases or acids?

A

Bases

27
Q

displacement

A

A more reactive metal will displace a less reactive metal

28
Q

Litmus indicator

A

Acid = red
Alkali = blue

29
Q

What’s the difference between a burette and a pipette?

A

1) A burette measures varying volumes
2) A pipette measures fixed volumes

Chemistry (12 decks)

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