C4.1 Predicting Chemical Reactions Flashcards
Group 1 metals
Column on the far left of the periodic table
Alkali metals as they react with water to form alkaline solutions
Shiny when freshly cut
Good conductors of electricity
Solid at room temperature
Soft
Density increases going down the group
Melting point decreases going down the group
React rapidly with oxygen in air and water so stored in oil
1 electron in the outer shell, lose it in reactions, forming 1+ charge ion
Ionic equation: M -> M+ + e-
Easier to lose its outer electron, the more reactive the element is
Reactivity increases going down the group
Group 7 Halogens
Typical properties of non metals, brittle, poor conductor of electricity
Diatomic molecules with weak intermolecular forces
Density increases down the group
Melting points and boiling points increase down the group
Called halogens as they react with metals to make salts
Reactivity decreases going down the group
7 electrons in the outermost shell
The easier it is for a halogen to gain an outer electron, the more reactive it is
Halogen displacement reaction
Halogens react with halides in solution
Halogen will displace a less reactive halogen from its halide ions in solution
The more reactive halide gives an electron to the less reactive halide
What is a halide
Compound containing a halogen and another element, typically hydrogen or a metal
Group 0 noble gases
Column on far right of periodic table
Unreactive
Full outer shell
All noble gases have 8 electrons in their outer shell except for helium with 2 electrons
Monatomic
Single atoms with weak forces of attraction between them
Very low boiling points
Attractive forces get stronger down the group
Boiling point increases down the group
Density increases down the group
Low densities
Transition metals
Between groups 2 and 3
All metals so they are shiny when freshly cut, good conductors of electricity, strong, malleable
Stronger and harder than group 1
Higher densities than group 1
Higher melting points than group 1 (except mercury)
Less reactive than alkali metals
Can form positive ions of more than 1+
Uses:
Good catalysts as they are inert
Used to stain glass, colour paint, glaze pottery
How metals react with water and dilute acids
Metals form positive ions in reactions, more easily this happens, more reactive the metal
Metal reacts if it is more reactive than hydrogen (before copper on reactivity series)
Forms metal hydroxide and hydrogen
Metals react with acids to produce a salt and hydrogen
What are metal displacement reactions
More reactive metal can displace a less reactive metal from solutions or its compounds
What rate of reaction tells you
Reactivity of metal
Rate of hydrogen production
Predict reactions from the periodic table
Elements in group 0 don’t react
Reactive non-metals may form covalent bonds with each other
Metals may form ionic compounds with reactive non-metals
Metals in group 1 and 2 are more reactive than transition metals and other metals
Metals in group 1 and 2 become reactive down the group
Non metals in group 7 become less reactive down the group
Non-metals are more reactive if their atom size is…
Small
Metals are more reactive if their atom size is…
Big
