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Chemistry OCR GCSE > C1 Particles > Flashcards

C1 Particles Flashcards

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1
Q

How particles in a solid are arranged

A

Fixed shape
Fixed volume
Fixed position

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2
Q

What structure do particles in a solid have

A

Strong forces of attraction between particles in a regular lattice arrangement

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3
Q

How are particles in a liquid arranged

A

Constantly moving with random motion
Stick together
Do not keep a definite shape
Keep the same volume

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4
Q

What are forces of attraction like in a liquid

A

Strong forces of attraction between particles
Free to move around each other

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5
Q

How a high temperature effects particles in a liquid

A

Hotter it gets, faster particles move
Causes liquid to expand
if gets too hot, evaporates and becomes a gas.

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6
Q

How a low temperature affects particles in a liquid

A

Freezes
Becomes solid

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7
Q

How are particles in a gas arranged

A

No fixed shape or volume
Free to move around
Lot of kinetic energy
When they bounce off the walls of their container they exert pressure on the walls.

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8
Q

What are the forces of attraction like in gases

A

NO force of attraction between particles
Travel in straight lines and only interact when they collide

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9
Q

How a high temperature affects particles in solids

A

The hotter, the more the particles vibrate causing solid to expand slightly
Eventually they melt and become a liquid

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10
Q

How high temperature affects particles in gases

A

The hotter the gas gets the faster the particles of the gas will move and they will either expand and pressure will increase when heated

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11
Q

How a low temperature affects particles in gases

A

If temperature too cold, gas condenses and turns into liquid

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12
Q

Advantage of particle model

A

Good model for explaining the 3 states of matter

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13
Q

Disadvantage of particle model

A

Model doesn’t show any of the FORCES between the particles so there is no way of knowing how strong forces are

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14
Q

Physical change

A

When a substance changes from 1 state of matter to another
Number of particles does not change

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15
Q

Chemical change

A

Bonds break between atoms
Number of particles changes
Particles rearrange themselves to form different chemical.
Often hard to reverse

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16
Q

Who described atoms as “solid spheres”

A

John Dalton

17
Q

Who concluded that atoms were not solid spheres in 1897 (plum pudding model)

A

JJ Thomson

Rutherford proved plum pudding model wrong with the unclear atom theory

18
Q

Who conducted gold foil experiment in 1909

A

Ernest Rutherford, Hens Geiger, Ernest Marsden
RUTHERFORD CONCLUDED ATOMS HAVE A NUCLEUS

19
Q

What was gold foil experiment

A

Positively charged alpha particles fired at an extremely thin sheet of gold.
Most alpha particles went straight through but some were deflected more than expected, and a small number were deflected backwards.

20
Q

Nuclear atom theory

A

There is a tiny positively charged nucleus at the center surrounded by a “cloud” of negative electrons.
Atom was mostly space

21
Q

Plum pudding model

A

Atoms contain small negatively charged particles/electrons in a ball of positive charge

22
Q

Bohr model

A

Electrons orbit nucleus in energy shells, no fixed energy between shells.
Theory supported by many experiments - helped to explain other scientist’s observations at the time.
Closest to the current version of the atom.

23
Q

Proton relative mass and charge

A

Mass: 1
Charge: +

24
Q

Relative mass and charge of a neutron

A

Mass: 1
Charge: 0

25
Q

Relative mass and charge of an electron:

A

Mass: 0.0005 or negligible
Charge: -

26
Q

Nucleus location

A

In the middle of the atom

27
Q

Contents of nucleus

A

Protons
Neutrons

28
Q

Charge of nucleus

A

Positive
due to the protons

29
Q

Radius of nucleus

A

0.073nm

30
Q

Electron location

A

Orbit around the nucleus in energy shells

31
Q

RADIUS of an atom

A

10^ (-10) m

Chemistry OCR GCSE (16 decks)

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