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Chemistry OCR GCSE > C3.3 Types Of Chemical Reactions > Flashcards

C3.3 Types Of Chemical Reactions Flashcards

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1
Q

Reduction

A

Loss of oxygen from a substance

Oxidisation
Is
Loss of electrons
Reduction
Is
Gain of electrons

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2
Q

Oxidisation

A

Gain of oxygen by a substance
Also:
Oxidisation
Is
Loss of electrons
Reduction
Is
Gain of electrons

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3
Q

Oxidising agent

A

Substance that initially has the oxygen before the reaction

These accept electrons

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4
Q

Reducing agent

A

Substance that initially does not have the oxygen before the reaction
These donate electrons

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5
Q

Does a redox equation always involve oxygen

A

No

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6
Q

Acids

A

Substances that release H+ ions when it dissolves in water to make an aqueous solution.

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7
Q

Bases

A

Substances, usually metal hydroxides or metal oxides, that neutralise acids
If it dissolves in water, it is also called an alkali
Alkalis release OH- ions when they dissolve in water

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8
Q

pH < 7

A

Acidic

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9
Q

pH = 7

A

Neutral

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10
Q

pH > 7

A

Alkaline

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11
Q

Range of pH scale

A

0 to 14

Most acidic 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Most alkaline
I
Neutral

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12
Q

What is neutralisation

A

Reaction between an acid and a base, or an alkali
Forms a salt and water

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13
Q

Neutralisation equation

A

Acid + base -> salt + water

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14
Q

How do you predict salt made from neutralisation

A

First part comes from the metal in the base or alkali
Exception: If ammonia or ammonium carbonate is used, name starts with ammonium

Second part of the name comes from the acid used such as
- Chloride (hydrochloride acid)
- Nitrate (nitric acid)
- Sulphate (sulphuric acid)

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15
Q

What salt is formed with hydrochloride acid? (HCl)

A

Chloride

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16
Q

What salt is formed with nitric acid? (HNO3)

A

Nitrate

17
Q

What salt is formed with sulfuric acid? (H2SO4)

A

Sulfate

18
Q

What salt is formed with phosphoric acid? (H3PO4)

A

Phosphate

19
Q

Predicting a neutralisation reaction

A

1) identify salt produced
2) write the word equation
3) Write balanced chemical formula underneath with state symbols

20
Q

What happens during neutralisation in solution

A

H+ ions from acidic solutions and OH- ions from alkaline solutions react to produce water.
H+(aq) + OH-(aq) -> H2O(l)

Salt produced depends on other ions present in the alkali and acid.

21
Q

What are carbonates

A

Ionic compounds that contain the carbonate ion CO3²⁻

22
Q

Reaction between acid and carbonate

A

Acid + carbonate -> salt + water + carbon dioxide

23
Q

What carbonates are soluble in water

A

Sodium carbonate
Ammonium carbonate
Group 1 metal carbonates

24
Q

Reaction between acids and metals

A

Acid + metal -> salt + hydrogen

25
Q

Dilute acid

A

Contains a low ratio of acid : volume of solution

26
Q

Concentrated acid

A

Contains a high ratio of acid : volume of solution

27
Q

Weak acid

A

partially ionised in solution of water
Small fraction of their molecules release H+ ions

28
Q

Strong acid

A

completely ionised in solution of water
All of their molecules release H+ ions

29
Q

⇌ symbol

A

Shows the reaction does not go to completion
Reversible reaction

30
Q

What happens when the pH of a solution decreases by 1

A

Concentration of H+ ions increase by a factor of 10
Multiply by 10

Concentration of H+ ions decreases by a factor of 10 is pH increases by 1
Digide by 10

31
Q

pH titration curve

A

Shows effect on pH of changing the hydrogen ion concentration during a neutralisation reaction

32
Q

Acid, salt and negative ion of chlorine

A

Acid: Hydrochloric
Salt: Chloride
Negative ion: Cl ⁻

2CI –> Cl2 + 2e- (anode)

33
Q

Acid, salt and negative ion of nitrogen

A

Acid: Nitric
Salt: Nitrate
Negative ion: NO₃

34
Q

Acid, salt and negative ion of sulfur

A

Acid: Sulfuric
Salt: sulfate
Negative ion: SO²⁻

35
Q

Acid, salt and negative ion of phosphorus

A

Acid: Phosphoric
Salt: Phosphate
Negative ion: PO₄³⁻

36
Q

What is formed when a group 1 metal reacts with water

A

Metal + water -> metal hydroxide + hydrogen

37
Q

More reactive metals displace…

A

Less reactive metals from their compounds.

38
Q

Reaction between acid and metal oxide

A

Acid + metal oxide -› salt + water
Example: H2SO4(aq) + CuO(s) -› CuSO4(aq) + H2O(l)

Chemistry OCR GCSE (16 decks)

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