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Chemistryyyy > C4.1 Predicting Chemical Reactions > Flashcards

C4.1 Predicting Chemical Reactions Flashcards

1
Q

What are the elements in group 1 known as?

A

The alkali metals

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2
Q

Why are group 1 elements called alkali metals?

A

Because they react with water to form alkaline solutions

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3
Q

What are some properties of group 1 elements (alkali metals)

A

They are:
- shiny when freshly cut

  • good conductors of electricity
  • solid at room temperature
  • soft (gets softer as you go down the group)
  • density increases going down the group
  • melting point decreases going down the group
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4
Q

Does the density increase or decrease going down group 1?

A

Increase

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5
Q

Does the melting point increase or decrease going down group 1?

A

Decrease

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6
Q

Why are group 1 elements usually stored in oil?

A

To prevent them from reacting with oxygen in the air and with water

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7
Q

What is the general word equation for what happens when an alkali metal reacts with water?

A

Alkali metal + water —> metal hydroxide + hydrogen

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8
Q

Does the reactivity of alkali metals increase or decrease going down the group?

A

Increase

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9
Q

What would you see when lithium reacts with water

A

It fizzes and slowly disappears

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10
Q

What happens to sodium when it reacts with water

A

It melts to form a silver ball, fizzes and then disappears

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11
Q

What happens when potassium reacts with water?

A

It would immediately ignite, burn with a lilac flame and then disappear

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12
Q

Why do group 1 elements have similar chemical properties?

A

Because all of their atoms have one electron in the outer shell.

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13
Q

Are the elements in group 7 metals or non-metals?

A

Non-metals

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14
Q

What are some properties of group 7 elements

A

Brittle

Poor conductors of electricity

Exist as diatomic molecules

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15
Q

What colour is fluorine

A

A pale yellow gas

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16
Q

What colour is chlorine

A

A green gas

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17
Q

What colour is bromine

A

An orange-brown liquid that vaporises easily

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18
Q

What colour is iodine

A

A shiny grey-black crystalline solid that sublimes to form a purple vapour

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19
Q

Going down group 7:

A

Density increases

Melting point and boiling point increases

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20
Q

What are group 7 elements known as

A

The halogens

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21
Q

What does halogen mean

A

Halos - salt
Gen- maker

Halogen - salt maker

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22
Q

Why are group 7 metals called halogens ?

A

Because they react with metals to produce salts

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23
Q

Does the reactivity of the halogens increase or decrease going down the group?

A

Decrease

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24
Q

Why do halogens have similar chemical properties?

A

All their atoms have 7 electrons in their outer shell. They gain an electron in reactions forming ions with a single negative charged (-1).

X2 +2e- —> 2X-

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25
Q

What does crystalline mean?

A

The structure of substances in the solid state that gave particles arranged in a giant lattice

26
Q

What is density?

A

The mass per unit volume

27
Q

What is a halide?

A

A halide is a compound containing group 7 elements and one other element (usually hydrogen or a metal).

28
Q

What are the elements in group 0 known as?

A

The noble gases

29
Q

Why are the group 0 elements called noble gases?

A

Because they are so unreactive.

Like how the noble men and women of the past who didn’t take part in ordinary everyday activities, the noble gases take part in very few reactions.

30
Q

Why are the noble gases so unreactive?

A

Because they all gave complete outer electron shells.

This means they don’t lose or gain electrons to form ions in reactions or share electrons to form molecules in a reaction .

31
Q

What properties do noble gases have?

A
  • low densities
  • monatomic
  • low boiling point

Going down the group:
-boiling point increases

  • attractive forces between atoms get stronger
  • density increases
32
Q

Why do noble gases have low boiling points?

A

They are monatomic.

They exist as single atoms with very weak forces of attraction between them. These forces of attraction are easily overcome by heating which gives the noble gases low boiling points.

33
Q

Why do noble gases have relatively low densities?

A

Their atoms are far apart in the gas state so there is very little mass in a given volume

34
Q

Why does the boiling point increase going down the group?

A
  • the atoms become larger
  • intermolecular forces between the atoms become stronger
  • more energy is needed to overcome these forces
35
Q

What are some uses of helium? Why is it used for this?

A

Helium is used as a lifting gas in party balloons and airships
This is because helium is:

  • less dense than air, so balloons and airships ride
  • non flammable do the helium cannot set on fire.
36
Q

What is a use for Argon and why is it used for this ?

A

Argon is used as a ‘shielding gas’ when welding pieces of metal together.

Argon is:

  • denser than air so it stops air getting to the metal
  • inert so the hot metal cannot oxidise and spoil the weld.
37
Q

Filament lamps contain thin metal wires. These become very hot and glow brightly when an electric current is passed through them. why are argon, krypton or xenon used in these lamps

A

The hot metal wires will burn if any oxygen from the air is present in the lamp.

Argon, Krypton and Xenon are very unreactive

They replace the air inside the lamp, preventing the metal wire from burning away

38
Q

Where are the transition metals placed in the periodic table?

A

Between groups 2 and 3 (IUPAC groups 2 and 13)

39
Q

What are some properties of transition metals?

A

They are:
-shiny

  • good conductors of electricity
  • strong
  • malleable
40
Q

Compared to the alkali metals of group 1, the transition metals are:

A

Transition metals are :

  • stronger and harder
  • have higher densities
  • have higher melting points
  • less reactive than alkali metals
41
Q

What can transition metals be used as?

A

Catalysts

42
Q

What are some uses of transition metals?

A

They can be used to make everyday objects

Platinum, rhodium and palladium are used in catalytic converters

43
Q

What are the products of the reaction between iron and oxygen

A

Rust (hydrates iron(iii) oxide)

44
Q

Do gold, platinum and iridium react with oxygen or water

A

No

45
Q

Examples of Catalytic activity in transition metals

A

Iron is the catalyst in the haber process (to make ammonia)

Maganese (IV) oxide increases the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide

46
Q

What happens in a halogen displacement reaction?

A

A halogen displaces a less reactive halogen from its halide ions in solution

47
Q

How do you carry out a halogen displacement reaction

A
  1. Use a pipette to add a few drops of potassium chloride solution (KCl) to a column of three wells in a spotting tile
  2. Repeat step 1 with potassium bromide solution and potassium iodide solution.
  3. Use a dropping pipette to add a few drops of chlorine solution to a row of three wells in the spotting tile
  4. Repeat step 3 with two more rows of wells using bromine solution then iodine solution
48
Q

What is a halide ion?

A

A negative ion formed by a group 7 element

49
Q

Do metals form positive or negative ions in reactions?

A

Positive ions

50
Q

Does a metal have to be more reactive than hydrogen to react with water or acids?

A

Yes

51
Q

List the metals on the reactivity series (most reactive to least reactive)

A 
Potassium
Sodium
Calcium 
Magnesium 
Aluminium
Zinc 
Iron
Tin
Lead
(Hydrogen)
Copper
Silver 
Gold
Platinum
52
Q

The more reactive the metal…

A

The greater the rate of hydrogen production

53
Q

The more easily metals form positive ions in reactions…

A

Th more reactive they are

54
Q

Why do you not boil water or hydrochloric acid during reactions with metals

A

Because you won’t be able to tell if the bubbles are due to heating or due to the reaction.

It is unsafe to boil dilute HCl

55
Q

A more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal from solutions of its compounds. True or false

A

True

56
Q

What type of reactions are displacement reactions?

A

Redox reactions

57
Q

Elements in group 0…

A

Do not react

58
Q

Reactive non metals…

A

Form covalent compounds with each other

59
Q

Metals and reactive non-metals…

A

Form covalent compounds with each other

60
Q

Metals in group 1 and 2…

A

Are more reactive than transition metals and other metals

61
Q

Non metals in group 7…

A

Become less reactive down the group

Chemistryyyy (15 decks)

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