C2.3 - Properties Of Materials

Question 1

What group is carbon in?

Answer 1

Group 4

Question 2

How many electrons does carbon have in its outer shell

Answer 2

4 electrons

Question 3

How many covalent bonds can carbon form?

Answer 3

4

Question 4

How does carbon form chains and rings?

Answer 4

By joining with other carbon atoms

Question 5

How does carbon produce different compounds?

Answer 5

Carbon atoms in chains and rings can form covalent bonds with other elements, producing different compounds

Question 6

What is an allotrope

Answer 6

Forms of an element in the same state but with different atomic arrangements

Question 7

What are some allotropes of carbon

Answer 7

Diamond

Graphite

Graphene

Question 8

How many covalent bonds does diamond have

Answer 8

Each carbon atom is covalently bonded to 4 other carbon atoms

Question 9

What are some properties of diamond?

Answer 9

High melting point

Hard

It is transparent

Does not conduct electricity

Question 10

What are some uses of diamond?

Answer 10

Tips of dental drills

Question 11

Can diamond conduct electricity

Answer 11

No

Question 12

Why can’t diamond conduct electricity

Answer 12

All the outer electrons in its atoms are shared so It has no delocalised electrons

Question 13

How many covalent bonds does each carbon atom form in graphite?

Answer 13

3

Question 14

Can graphite conduct electricity

Answer 14

Yes

Question 15

Why can graphite conduct electricity

Answer 15

It has one delocalised electron in the outer shell of each atom.

This electron is free to move throughout the structure so it can conduct electricity

Question 16

What are some properties of graphite?

Answer 16

Giant covalent structure

Layered structure

Slippery

High melting point

Question 17

What shape do the atoms in each layer of graphite form

Answer 17

Interlocking hexagons

Question 18

What is graphene?

Answer 18

A carbon allotrope that resembles a single layer of graphite

Question 19

What are some properties of graphene

Answer 19

Almost transparent

Strong

Conducts electricity

Question 20

What can graphene be used to make

Answer 20

Flexible touch screens

Question 21

What are fullerenes

Answer 21

A family of carbon allotropes in which the molecules are shaped like tubes or balls

Question 22

What is a nanotube

Answer 22

A type of fullerene in which carbon atoms form a hollow tube

It resembles a sheet of graphene rolled into a tube

Question 23

Properties and uses of nanotubes

Answer 23

Strong

Used to reinforce sports equipment

Question 24

What is a buckyball

Answer 24

A type of fullerene

It is a hollow spherical molecule made from carbon atoms arranged in pentagons or hexagons

Question 25

What are uses of buckyballs

Answer 25

Lubricants Might be able to deliver medicine to cells

Question 26

What does brittle mean

Answer 26

A substance that breaks when a force is applied

Question 27

Why are metals malleable?

Answer 27

Metal ions are held in a lattice by forces that attract them to delocalised electrons When an external force is applied the layers of metal ions can over each other Because the delocalised electrons are free to move, no bonds are broken

Question 28

Why are giant covalent structures brittle

Answer 28

If a large force is applied many covalent bonds break at once and the substance breaks

Question 29

Why are some materials soft and flexible

Answer 29

Because they have weak intermolecular forces are their particles are not arranged in a lattice

Question 30

What is a nanoparticle

Answer 30

It is a particle between 1nm and 100nm across and consists of only a few hundred atoms

Question 31

What is the size of one nanometer in standard form

Answer 31

1 x 10^-9

Question 32

What is a nanoparticulate

Answer 32

A material that is made from nanoparticles

Question 33

What are examples of materials in bulk

Answer 33

Grains Lumps Sheets

Question 34

What can nanoparticles be used for

Answer 34

New sunscreens New cosmetics New medicines New paints New catalysts to speed up industrial chemical reactions Self cleaning clothes and windows

Question 35

What are risks of nanoparticles

Answer 35

They are soo small that they can be : breathed in Absorbed by the skin Pass into cells They could take a long time to break down once they are released into the environment Toxic substances could stick to their surfaces