C2.2- Bonding

Question 1

What is a physical property?

Answer 1

A characteristic that can be observed and measured

Question 2

What are properties of metal elements?

Answer 2

• shiny
• their melting point + boiling point is high
• they are solid at room temperature
• they are malleable
• they are ductile
• they are good conductors

Question 3

What are properties of non-metal elements

Answer 3

• dull
• their melting point + boiling point is low
• half are solid and half are gas at room temperature
• they are brittle
• they are non-ductile
• they are poor conductors
• they are insulators

Question 4

What does malleable mean

Answer 4

It bends without shattering

Question 5

What does brittle mean

Answer 5

It shatters when hammered

Question 6

What does ductile mean

Answer 6

They can be pulled into wires

Question 7

What is a conductor

Answer 7

Something that is able to carry electrical or thermal energy

Question 8

Are metal elements on the left or right side of the periodic table

Answer 8

On the left

Question 9

What is a chemical property?

Answer 9

A characteristic of a substance that can only be determined by its chemical reactions

Question 10

What is an oxide

Answer 10

A type of compound formed when an element or compound gains oxygen

Question 11

Do metal ions lose or gain electrons

Answer 11

They lose electrons

Question 12

Do non metals lose or gain electrons

Answer 12

They gain electrons

Question 13

What happens if a metal oxide dissolves in water

Answer 13

It produces an alkaline solution

Question 14

What happens if a non metal oxide dissolves in water

Answer 14

It produces an acidic solution

Question 15

What is a period in the periodic table

Answer 15

A horizontal row

Question 16

What is a group in the periodic table

Answer 16

It is a vertical column

Question 17

What is the electron structure?

Answer 17

It shows how electrons are arranged in atoms

Question 18

What is the maximum number of electrons in each shell

Answer 18

Shell 1 - 2
Shell 2- 8
Shell 3- 8
Shell 4 - 18

Question 19

What does the last number in an elements electronic structure tell us about its position in the periodic table

Answer 19

The last number is the GROUP NUMBER

Question 20

What does the number of numbers of an elements electronic structure tell you about its position in the periodic table?

Answer 20

The number of numbers is the period number

Question 21

What is an ion

Answer 21

An electrically charges particle formed when an atom loses or gains electrons

Question 22

Do metals lose or gain electrons

Answer 22

Lose electrons

Question 23

Do non metals lose or gain electrons

Answer 23

Gain electrons

Question 24

What is an electron diagram

Answer 24

It is a diagram that represents the electronic structure of an atom or ion.

Circles represent shells and dots or crosses represent electrons

Question 25

How do ionic compounds form

Answer 25

When a metal reacts with a non metal, electrons are transferred from the metal atoms to the non metal atoms to gain a complete outer shell.

Question 26

What is an ionic compound?

Answer 26

A compound containing oppositely charged ions from different elements.

Question 27

What is an ionic bond?

Answer 27

An electrostatic force of attraction between oppositely charged ions.

Question 28

What is the structure of ionic compounds?

Answer 28

Ionic compounds in the solid state are arranged in a giant ionic lattice

Question 29

What is a giant ionic lattice

Answer 29

a structure of ionic compounds in which oppositely charged ions are held in a regular and repeating arrangement by strong electrostatic forces of attractions

Question 30

What is a space filling model

Answer 30

a representation of ionic compounds and molecules in which balls represent the atoms or ions

Question 31

What is a ball and stick model

Answer 31

3D model where ball represents an ion and the plastic link represents an ionic bond

Question 32

What are the limitations of a ball and stick model

Answer 32

The size of atoms and lengths of bonds are exaggerated It suggests that electrons don’t move

Question 33

What is a covalent bond

Answer 33

It is a shared pair of electrons between 2 non metal atoms to gain complete outer shells

Question 34

What is a simple molecule?

Answer 34

A particle that only has a few non-metal atoms joined together by covalent bonds

Question 35

What is the binding in simple molecules like?

Answer 35

The covalent bonds between atoms are strong the intermolecular forces between molecules are weak

Question 36

What is a displayed formula

Answer 36

a diagram in which atoms are represented by chemical symbols, and covalent bonds by lines

Question 37

What is a giant covalent structure

Answer 37

Lots of non metal atoms joined by covalent bonds and arranged in a repeating regular pattern

Question 38

What are the chemical formulae of giant molecules

Answer 38

You use the empirical formula for substances as they have lots of atoms

Question 39

What is a polymer

Answer 39

A substance made from smaller molecules made of many repeating units called monomers

Question 40

What are monomers

Answer 40

Simple molecules that join together to form polymer molecules

Question 41

What are examples of addition polymers

Answer 41

Poly(ethene) Poly(propene)

Question 42

What are examples of condensation polymers

Answer 42

Carbohydrates DNA proteins Nylon

Question 43

What are thermosoftening polymers

Answer 43

They can be heated and moulded into a new shape that sets when they cool down

Question 44

What is the structure of thermosoftening polymers

Answer 44

The polymer chains are tangled and easy to separate

Question 45

What is a thermosetting polymer

Answer 45

They cannot be remoulded. They burn when heated

Question 46

What is the structure of a thermosetting polymer

Answer 46

They have cross linking chains joined together by strong covalent bonds

Question 47

What is a repeating unit

Answer 47

A section of a polymer molecule that is repeated again and again

Question 48

What is a giant metallic lattice

Answer 48

It is a model of the repeating regular arrangement of metal atoms or ions in a metal in the solid state

Question 49

What is a metallic bond?

Answer 49

Strong electrostatic forces of attraction between delocalised electrons and metal ions

Question 50

What is the structure and bonding in metals like

Answer 50

Electrons leave the outer shells of metal atoms forming a sea of delocalised electrons around the positively charged metal ions

Question 51

What did Mendeleev consider when organising the periodic table

Answer 51

The atomic weight of the elements Knowledge about the chemical reactions of different elements Knowledge of physical properties

Question 52

How did Mendeleev organise the periodic table

Answer 52

In order of increasing atomic weight He grouped together ones with similar chemical properties He left spaces for elements he thought would exist but weren’t discovered yet

Question 53

How did Mendeleev change his table

Answer 53

He changed it so that groups were in columns (instead of rows)

Question 54

Why did mendeleev swap the positions of tellurium and Iodine and how do we know he was right

Answer 54

He felt that this matched their chemical properties better Moseley discovered an atoms atomic number was the number of protons in its nucleus

Question 55

What are the patterns of chemical properties in the periodic table

Answer 55

Elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number Electronic structure is determined by the number of electrons The electronic structure determines an elements chemical properties