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Chemistryyyy > C2.2- Bonding > Flashcards

C2.2- Bonding Flashcards

1
Q

What is a physical property?

A

A characteristic that can be observed and measured

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2
Q

What are properties of metal elements?

A
  • shiny
  • their melting point + boiling point is high
  • they are solid at room temperature
  • they are malleable
  • they are ductile
  • they are good conductors
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3
Q

What are properties of non-metal elements

A
  • dull
  • their melting point + boiling point is low
  • half are solid and half are gas at room temperature
  • they are brittle
  • they are non-ductile
  • they are poor conductors
  • they are insulators
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4
Q

What does malleable mean

A

It bends without shattering

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5
Q

What does brittle mean

A

It shatters when hammered

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6
Q

What does ductile mean

A

They can be pulled into wires

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7
Q

What is a conductor

A

Something that is able to carry electrical or thermal energy

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8
Q

Are metal elements on the left or right side of the periodic table

A

On the left

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9
Q

What is a chemical property?

A

A characteristic of a substance that can only be determined by its chemical reactions

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10
Q

What is an oxide

A

A type of compound formed when an element or compound gains oxygen

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11
Q

Do metal ions lose or gain electrons

A

They lose electrons

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12
Q

Do non metals lose or gain electrons

A

They gain electrons

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13
Q

What happens if a metal oxide dissolves in water

A

It produces an alkaline solution

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14
Q

What happens if a non metal oxide dissolves in water

A

It produces an acidic solution

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15
Q

What is a period in the periodic table

A

A horizontal row

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16
Q

What is a group in the periodic table

A

It is a vertical column

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17
Q

What is the electron structure?

A

It shows how electrons are arranged in atoms

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18
Q

What is the maximum number of electrons in each shell

A

Shell 1 - 2
Shell 2- 8
Shell 3- 8
Shell 4 - 18

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19
Q

What does the last number in an elements electronic structure tell us about its position in the periodic table

A

The last number is the GROUP NUMBER

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20
Q

What does the number of numbers of an elements electronic structure tell you about its position in the periodic table?

A

The number of numbers is the period number

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21
Q

What is an ion

A

An electrically charges particle formed when an atom loses or gains electrons

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22
Q

Do metals lose or gain electrons

A

Lose electrons

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23
Q

Do non metals lose or gain electrons

A

Gain electrons

24
Q

What is an electron diagram

A

It is a diagram that represents the electronic structure of an atom or ion.

Circles represent shells and dots or crosses represent electrons

25
Q

How do ionic compounds form

A

When a metal reacts with a non metal, electrons are transferred from the metal atoms to the non metal atoms to gain a complete outer shell.

26
Q

What is an ionic compound?

A

A compound containing oppositely charged ions from different elements.

27
Q

What is an ionic bond?

A

An electrostatic force of attraction between oppositely charged ions.

28
Q

What is the structure of ionic compounds?

A

Ionic compounds in the solid state are arranged in a giant ionic lattice

29
Q

What is a giant ionic lattice

A

a structure of ionic compounds in which oppositely charged ions are held in a regular and repeating arrangement by strong electrostatic forces of attractions

30
Q

What is a space filling model

A

a representation of ionic compounds and molecules in which balls represent the atoms or ions

31
Q

What is a ball and stick model

A

3D model where ball represents an ion and the plastic link represents an ionic bond

32
Q

What are the limitations of a ball and stick model

A

The size of atoms and lengths of bonds are exaggerated

It suggests that electrons don’t move

33
Q

What is a covalent bond

A

It is a shared pair of electrons between 2 non metal atoms to gain complete outer shells

34
Q

What is a simple molecule?

A

A particle that only has a few non-metal atoms joined together by covalent bonds

35
Q

What is the binding in simple molecules like?

A

The covalent bonds between atoms are strong

the intermolecular forces between molecules are weak

36
Q

What is a displayed formula

A

a diagram in which atoms are represented by chemical symbols, and covalent bonds by lines

37
Q

What is a giant covalent structure

A

Lots of non metal atoms joined by covalent bonds and arranged in a repeating regular pattern

38
Q

What are the chemical formulae of giant molecules

A

You use the empirical formula for substances as they have lots of atoms

39
Q

What is a polymer

A

A substance made from smaller molecules made of many repeating units called monomers

40
Q

What are monomers

A

Simple molecules that join together to form polymer molecules

41
Q

What are examples of addition polymers

A

Poly(ethene)

Poly(propene)

42
Q

What are examples of condensation polymers

A

Carbohydrates

DNA

proteins

Nylon

43
Q

What are thermosoftening polymers

A

They can be heated and moulded into a new shape that sets when they cool down

44
Q

What is the structure of thermosoftening polymers

A

The polymer chains are tangled and easy to separate

45
Q

What is a thermosetting polymer

A

They cannot be remoulded. They burn when heated

46
Q

What is the structure of a thermosetting polymer

A

They have cross linking chains joined together by strong covalent bonds

47
Q

What is a repeating unit

A

A section of a polymer molecule that is repeated again and again

48
Q

What is a giant metallic lattice

A

It is a model of the repeating regular arrangement of metal atoms or ions in a metal in the solid state

49
Q

What is a metallic bond?

A

Strong electrostatic forces of attraction between delocalised electrons and metal ions

50
Q

What is the structure and bonding in metals like

A

Electrons leave the outer shells of metal atoms forming a sea of delocalised electrons around the positively charged metal ions

51
Q

What did Mendeleev consider when organising the periodic table

A

The atomic weight of the elements

Knowledge about the chemical reactions of different elements

Knowledge of physical properties

52
Q

How did Mendeleev organise the periodic table

A

In order of increasing atomic weight

He grouped together ones with similar chemical properties

He left spaces for elements he thought would exist but weren’t discovered yet

53
Q

How did Mendeleev change his table

A

He changed it so that groups were in columns (instead of rows)

54
Q

Why did mendeleev swap the positions of tellurium and Iodine and how do we know he was right

A

He felt that this matched their chemical properties better

Moseley discovered an atoms atomic number was the number of protons in its nucleus

55
Q

What are the patterns of chemical properties in the periodic table

A

Elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number

Electronic structure is determined by the number of electrons

The electronic structure determines an elements chemical properties

Chemistryyyy (15 decks)

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