C4+S4 Flashcards
What are the two parts of the nervous system?
Central nervous system+ Peripheral nervous system
What does the CNS contain?
System located within the skull and spine=composed of the brain and spinal cord
What does the PNS contain?
Somatic nervous system+ autonomic nv= voluntar+ involuntary movements
What does the somatic ns contain?
Afferent nerves ( sensory signals to the CNS)+Efferent nerves (motor signals from the CNS to the skeletal muscles)
What does the autonomic ns contain?
(internal environment)afferent nerves (sensory signals from internal organs to the CNS), efferent nerves(motor signals from the CNS to the internal organs)
What are the two parts of the efferent nerves of the autonomic ns?
Sympathetic nerves+ parasympathetic nerves;
Where do the sympathetic nerves project?
From the CNS to the lumbar and thoracic regions of the spinal cord
Where do parasympathetic nerves project?
Autonomic motor nerves that project from the brain and sacral region of the spinal cord
What does it mean when we say that sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves are two-stage neural paths?
It means that they project from the CNS and and go only part of the way to the target organs before they synapse on other neurons (second stage neurons)
How do the parasymphatetic and sympathetic nerves differ when it comes to the two-stage neural paths?
The parasympathetic nerves, in comparison to the sympathetic ones, synapse near their target organs on very short second stage neurons.
What’s the functions of the symp. and parasymp systems?
- Parasymp conserves energy, symp mobilizes energy in life threatening situations
2.each autonomic target receives opposing symp and parasymp input and its activity is controlled by relative levels of them
3.symp is an indicator of psychological arousal, where as parasymp psychological relaxation.
Do the nerves of the peripheral nervous system project from the spinal cord?
Most of them, but there are 12 pairs of cranial nerves that are exceptions and project from the brain
Three characteristics of the cranial nerves.
- They include purely sensory nerves such as olfactory nerves and optic nerves, but must contain both motor and sensory fibers.
- The longest cranial nerves are the vague nerves
- The autonomic motor fibers of the cranial nerves are parasympathetic
What are the three meninges?
- Outer meninx= dura mater
2.Arachnoid membrane (a space underneath called subarachnoid membrane contains large blood vessels and cerebrospinal fluid) - Pia mater
What is ATP?
The source of energy for the mitocondria
