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C4 anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

it lubricates the space between layers of the pericardium

A

serous fluid

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2
Q

“corned beef muscle”

A

trabeculae carnae

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3
Q

guides the opening and closing of the bicuspid and tricuspid valve, to gold them in place

A

Heart Strings
“Chordae Tendinae”

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4
Q

fight or slight: sympathetic or parasympathetic?

A

sympathetic

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5
Q

rest or digest: sympathetic or parasympathetic?

A

parasympathetic

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6
Q

primary pacemakers

A

SA node

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7
Q

back-up pacemakers
common site for heart blocks

A

AV node

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8
Q

largest pacemaker of the heart

A

purkinje fibers

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9
Q

atrial depolarization/contraction

A

P-Wave

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10
Q

atrial relaxation

A

QRS Wave

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11
Q

ventricular depolarization/contraction

A

T-Wave

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12
Q

common site for thrombus formation

A

endothelium

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13
Q

muscles squeezes vein to make the blood go upward and fight against gravity, what action is this?

A

milking action

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14
Q

universal donor

A

blood type: O

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15
Q

universal recipient

A

blood type: AB

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16
Q

A blood type only receives

A

A and O

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17
Q

B blood type only receives

A

B and O

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18
Q

order of abundance of blood elements:

A
  1. RBC
  2. Platelets
  3. WBC
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19
Q

life span of erythrocytes/RBC

A

90-120 days

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20
Q

thrombocytes (platelets) occurence:

A

250,000 - 500,000/ mm3

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21
Q

brain hemisphere that is responsible for arts and music?

A

right hemisphere (controls the left side of the body)

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22
Q

brain hemisphere that is responsible for counting and reading?

A

left hemisphere (controls the right side of the body)

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23
Q

Types of leukocytes:

A

Granulocytes
Agranulocytes

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24
Q

types of granulocytes (WBC):

A

“BEN”
basophils
eosinophils
neutrophils

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25
Q

contains histamine discharged at site of inflammation or swelling:

A

basophils

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26
Q

WBC type that kills parasitic worms, INC during allergy attack

A

eosinophils

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27
Q

WBC type that is active phagocytes, INC during acute infection

A

neutrophils

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28
Q

types of agranulocytes WBC

A

“Ly-Mo”
Lymphocytes
Monocytes

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29
Q

functions for long-term clean-up team, chronic infection

A

monocytes

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30
Q

examples are B-cells and T-cells

A

Lymphocytes

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31
Q

Largest organ of the body

A

skin

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32
Q

this accounts for 15-20% of the body weight

A

skin

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33
Q

outer most superficial layer

A

epidermis

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33
Q

most painful type of burn

A

2nd degree burn

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34
Q

layer of epidermis that is located on the palms and soles

A

Stratum Lucidum

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34
Q

layer of epidermis that has a waterproof characteristic

A

stratum corneum

“CuLuGo Sa Batok”

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34
Q

layer of epidermis for water retention and heat regulation

A

Stratum Granulosum

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34
Q

layer of epidermis that protects the basale

A

Stratum Spinosum

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35
Q

layer of epidermis that contains melanocytes

A

Stratum Basale

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36
Q

Dermis is also known as __

A

True Skin
Corium

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37
Q

layer underneath the dermis for support, insulation, cushion and storage of energy

A

Hypodermis/Subcutaneous Layer

38
Q

course, thick, pigmented type of hair

A

terminal hair

39
Q

they are short and fine hairs

A

vellus hair

40
Q

whitish-crescent shape in nail bed

41
Q

this muscle is responsible for goose bumps

A

erector/arrector pili muscle

42
Q

drains sweat to sweat pore, for thermoregulation

A

eccrine sweat glands

43
Q

drains sweat to hair
active during emotional stress
axillary or genital regions

A

apocrine sweat glands

44
Q

functional unit of lungs

A

acini/acinus cells

45
Q

structural unit of the lungs

46
Q

how many cranial nerves are there?

A

12 cranial nerves

47
Q

functional unit of the nervous system?

A

neurons/nerve cells

48
Q

gaps in the myelin sheath along the axon which increases the speed of electrical pulse?

A

nodes of ranvier

49
Q

produces myelin sheath in the CNS?

oligodendrocytes? schwan cells?

A

oligodendrocytes

50
Q

produces myelin sheath in the PNS

A

schwan cells

51
Q

they are the unmyelinated nerve fibers

A

gray matter

52
Q

myelinated nerve fibers

A

white matter

53
Q

how many spinal nerves are in there?

54
Q

what are the layers of the meninges?

A

D-A-P

Dura Matter
Arachnoid
Pia Matter

55
Q

space between dura matter and arachnoid?

A

subdural layer

56
Q

space between the arachnoid and pia matter?

A

subarachnoid layer

57
Q

this is where the CSF flows or circulates?

A

subarachnoid layer

58
Q

what produces the CSF?

A

Choroid Plexus

59
Q

4 lobes of the brain

A

Frontal Lobe
Parietal Lobe
Temporal Lobe
Occipital Lobe

60
Q

lobe responsible for problem solving, also for motor functions

A

Frontal Lobe

61
Q

lobe responsible for touch reception, sensory, knowing the hotness/coldness, identifying shapes

A

Parietal Lobe

62
Q

lobe responsible for vision/sight

A

occipital lobe

63
Q

lobe responsible olfaction (auditory), memory

A

temporal lobe

64
Q

hemisphere of the brain responsible for arts and music and controls the L side of the brain

A

R hemisphere

65
Q

hemisphere of the brain responsible for counting and reading and controls the R side of the brain

A

L hemisphere

66
Q

Part of Diencephalon

A

SHET

Subthalamus
Hypothalamus
Epithalamus
Thalamus

67
Q

part of diencephalon that regulates control movements

A

Subthalamus

68
Q

part of the diencephalon that has the function of FRETS?

A

Hypothalamus

[FRETS]
Feeding of thirst center
Relation to post. pituitary
Emotions
Temperature Control
Sexual Pleasure

69
Q

part of the diencephalon where choroid plexus is located as well as the pineal gland (secretes metalonin)

A

Epithalamus

70
Q

part of the diencephalon which transmits nerve impulses to the right organs or areas?

71
Q

part of the brain responsible for sneezing, couching, swallowing, breathing

72
Q

part of the brain responsible for balance/equilibrium and coordination of movements

A

cerebellum

73
Q

part of the brain that acts as a strainer that filters the movements to be smooth

A

basal ganglia

74
Q

level of the lumbar that is the best site for anesthesia, lumbar puncture

75
Q

longest bone

76
Q

longest bone in the upper limbs

77
Q

largest sesamoid bone

78
Q

skull has how many bones

79
Q

how many vertebrae in fetus/infant?

A

33 bones

C - 7
T - 12
L - 5
S- 5
C - 4

80
Q

how many vertebrae in adults?

A

26 bones

C - 7
T - 12
L - 5
S- 1
C - 1

81
Q

C2 is also called __?

A

Epistropeus

82
Q

Also known “shin bone”

83
Q

“Flank bone” is the ___

84
Q

“Cup of vinegar”

A

Acetabulum

85
Q

Xiphoid Process is also known as ___

A

Ensiform Process

86
Q

“Pollex”

87
Q

“Hallux”

88
Q

largest muscle in the body

A

Gluteus Maximus

89
Q

Longest muscle in the body

90
Q

Strongest Muscle

91
Q

Smallest muscle

92
Q

Salivary gland not examined with contrast

A

Sublingual

93
Q

Anterior fontanelles ossifies at what age?

A

8 months - 2 years

94
Q

Skin receptor for pressure

95
Q

Skin receptor for heat

96
Q

Relationship of esophagus and trachea

A

Esophagus is posterior to trachea
Trachea is anterior to esophagus

(HINGA muna bago LAMON)

flashrevs (8 decks)

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