C4 Flashcards
recall questions
colloidal substance that constitute the physical basis of all living activities
a. protoplasm
b. protract
d. protoplast
e. prototheca
Protoplasm
“building up” from micromolecule to macromolecule
Anabolism
“breaking down” from macromolecule to micromolecule
Catabolism
brain of the cells
houses majority of the genetic materials
DNA
protein synthesis
bring together the raw ingredients such as RNA
Ribosome
“cell border”
regulates the organelles
Cell Membrane
“cell wall”
serves as a barrier
protects the organelles from the microorganism that may enter the cell
Cell Wall
has thick gelatin
cushions and protect the internal organelles
Cytoplasm
“post-office”
coordinates messages from the outside towards the cell
Golgi Apparatus/Golgus Apparatus
site of cellular respiration where ATP is produced
Mitochondria
“waste disposal and recycling”
breakdown of macromolecules in the cell in the process of HYDROLYSIS
Lysosomes
physiological balance of the body
Homeostasis
Are humans monocellular or multicellular?
Multicellular
holds many substances from organic molecules such as water
Vacuoles & Vesicle
What organelle is responsible for atypical anabolism?
Lysosome
What is the content which dictates that a substance is organic?
Carbon
single elongated cytoplasmic extension carrying nerve pulses “AWAY” from the cell body
Axon
Syncope is also called as?
Gap
The more of this would allow an effective flow of impulses
Myelin Sheath
RECEIVES messages from the other cells
Dendrites
Pancreatic Duct is also called as?
Wirsung’s Duct
Duct found in the submandibular gland
Warthon’s Duct
Duct in found in the parotid gland
Stensen’s Duct
Accessory Pancreatic Duct
Santorini Duct/Duct of Santorini
Hepatopancreatic Duct is also called as?
Ampulla of Vater
“Romance of Abdomen”
Pancreas
-the pancreas is wrapped in the arms of its lover, duodenum
Organs of digestive tract which are part of the romance of abdomen
Duodenum
Pancreas
Difference of exocrine and endocrine
presence of duct
Exocrine System needs a duct or doesn’t need a duct?
needs a duct
Endocrine System needs a duct or doesn’t need a duct?
doesn’t need a duct
Islet of Langerhands
- A Cell - Glucagon
- B Cell - Insulin
- Delta Cell - Somatostatin
- FF Cells/T Cells - Pancreatic Polypeptide
Patient is experiencing hypoglacemia. What should you do?
Give the patient something sweet
Give the patient a candy/chocolate
DM stands for?
Diabetes Mellitus
How many types of DM are there?
Two
- type 1
- type 2
“Juvenile Diabetes”
insulin-dependent
needs insulin because pancreas doesn’t produce insulin
TYPE 1 Diabetes
Patient introduce insulin in fatter areas of the body such as the abdomen or thigh. Why?
Fatter areas of the body allow faster absorption because of the presence of blood vessels
independent type of diabetes
body produces many insulin but the cells doesn’t recognize and absorb them
TYPE 2 Diabetes
What is the medication give to patients with Type 2 diabetes?
Metformin
type of diabetes experienced by pregnant patients
Gestational Diabetes
long narrow ridge located posteriorly called?
Linea Aspea
How many lobes are there in the liver?
4 lobes
what separates the right and left lobes of the liver?
Falciform Ligament
organ that produces bile?
Liver
organ that stores or serves as a reservoir of the excess bile
Gallbladder
cells that produces bile to the liver
hepatic cells
cells responsible for emulsification/cell-eating cells
Kuffer Cells
Inflammation of the gallbladder
Cholecystitis
Inflammation of the liver
hepatitis
Stone in the common bile duct
Choledocholithiasis
Jaundice is caused by?
increased bilirubin
yellow discoloration of the skin, eyes
jaundice
left lung has how many lobes?
2 lobes (Upper and Lower)
what separates the lobes of the lungs?
Fissures
right lungs has how many lobes?
3 lobes (Upper, Middle, Lower)
fissures of the right lung?
Horizontal Fissure
Oblique Fissure
fissures of the left lung?
Oblique Fissure
cellular organism that lacks true nucleus?
Prokaryotes
Right hemidiaphragm is 1cm higher than left hemidiaphragm. Is it normal or not?
Normal
(this happens due to the presence of liver)
other name of pleural effusion
pneumothorax
right hemidiaphragm is higher to how many percentage of the population?
90%
right and left hemidiaphragm is even in level to many percentage of the population?
10%
junction between the mediastinum and each lung
hilus
sternal angle is also called as?
angle of louis
bifurcation of the right and left bronchus
carina
who has the higher angle of louis? male or female?
female (16.5 degrees sternal angle)
male (163.4 degrees sternal angle)
number of RBC in the blood
hematocrit
average percentage of hematocrit in the blood?
45%
protein in the RBC
hemoglobin
low level of hematocrit results to?
anemia
management: take iron
high level of hematocrit results to?
dehydration
polycythemia vera (cause: idiopathic)
which is more fatal? pneumonia or PTB?
pneumonia
which requires more long term medication? pneumonia or PTB?
PTB
anemia after surgery (gastroectomy)
eventually develops as a consequence of vitamin B12 deficiency
Pernicious Anemia
____ deficiency occurs after gastroectomy
Vitamin B12
Angiotensine 1: vasodilator or vasoconstrictor?
vasodilator
Angiotensine 2:vasodilator or vasoconstrictor?
vasoconstrictor
during hand x-ray, what is the breathing instruction?
suspended respiration
what converts angiotensine 1 to angiotensine 2?
Lungs
converts renin to angiotensine 1
Kidney
broad upper border of patella
base
lower border of patella
apex
layer of the artery that is composed of endothelial cells
tunica intima
subarachnoid space in the skull is located between?
pia matter & arachnoid
functions of the spleen
immunologic
blood storage
blood destruction
organ that produces blood in infants
Pancreas
organ that produces blood in adults
Bone Marrow
(Red B.M - Blood)
(Yellow B.M. - Fats)
part of the occipital bone located in front of the foramen magnum
basilar
percentage does a healthy person’s total oxygen consume for work of breathing
5%
right kidney is lower than left kidney about ?
1-2 inches
largest portion of the brain
cerebrum
part of the brain responsible for balance
cerebellum
part of the brain responsible for breathing, coughing, involuntary responses
brainstem
lobe of the brain responsible for problem solving, speech
Frontal Lobe
region of the brain involved in speech
Broca’s Area
lobe of the brain responsible for hearing, balance, memory
Temporal Lobe
part of the brain involve in comprehension of the written/spoken language
Wernicke’s Area
lobe of the brain responsible for identifying textures (touch reception)
Parietal Lobe
lobe of the brain responsible for sight/vision
Occipital Lobe
double-walled capsule surrounding the glomerulus of a vertebrae nephron
Bowman’s Capsule
capsule for the eye
Tenon’s Capsule
capsule/covers the fetus
Desidua Capsularis
what lubricates the urethra?
bulbourethral gland
what lubricates the vagina?
bartolin glands
blood going to the kidney
afferent arteriole
blood goes away from the kidney
efferent arteriole
process of tending to cause gallbladder to contract and discharge bile
cholecystokinin
smallest bone in body
stapes
branches that supply blood to the brain
circle of willis
joint between the 4th and 5th dorsal vertebrae normally coincides with ?
angle of louis/sternal angle
smallest facial bone
lacrimal bone
there are how many facial bones?
14 facial bones
found on the anterolateral surface of the humeral shaft
greater tubercle
bone comprises the olecranon process
ulna
first artery that branches off the arch of the aorta
brachiocephalic artery
what forms the elbow joint?
olecranon
most distal part of the colon
sigmoid
chamber that receives the blood from the pulmonary circulation
left atrium
body cavities that are separated by the diaphragm
thoracic cavity/pleural cavity
abdominal cavity
master gland that is responsible for metabolism
pituitary gland
gland that assist in the metabolism
thyroid gland
left atrium is located in the __ border of the heart as seen on CXR
posterior
organ systems responsible of protecting the body against pathogens
lymphatic
integumentary
aspirate a small object into the lungs, object most likely to lodge to the ?
right main bronchus
(short, wide/broad, more vertical)
2 semilunar valves:
pulmonary
aortic
function of the serous fluid found in the pericardium
precent friction as heart beats
amount of serous fluid in pericardium
15-50 mL
structures produces the CSF
choroid plexus
principal medium of cell
water
islet of langerhands is found in?
pancreas
most fixed portion of the small intestine
duodeum
exocrine glands includes?
parotid
submandibular
submaxillary
-they all have ducts
vessels that are directly branching from the aorta
brachiocephalic
left common carotid artery
left subclavian artery
what are the retroperitoneal organs?
SADPUCKERS
prevents food from entering the small intestine
pyloric sphincter
two portions of bowel meet at the angle of treitz
duodenum, jejunum
largest lymphatic organ in a child
thymus
major pathway of communication between right and left hemisphere?
corpus callosum
it recognizes the history or feeling of pain
(ex: you were punctured with a needle before, and you can remember what kind of pain you felt)
insula
muscle that is unique and rare due to its absence in 10-15% people originate on the medial epicondyle of the humerus and inserts into the anterior aspect of the flexor retinaculum and into palmar aponeurosis
Palmaris Longuss
strongest muscle
masseter
longest muscle
sartorius
muscles attached to greater tubercle
supraspinatus
infraspinatus
teres minor
muscle attached to lesser tubercle
subscapularis muscle
artery that supplies blood to the neck
carotid artery
artery that supplies blood to the extremeties
subclavian artery
the function of this organ is to absorb nutrients in the body
small intestine
the function of this organ is to absorb water
large intestine
appendix is also called?
verniform
function of this organ is to store good bacteria
keeper of intestinal flora
appendics
normal size of the appendix
8-10cm
hormone does the kidney produce that stimulates red blood cell production
Erythropoeitin
steps in vitamin d production does the kidney perform
converts calcidiol in calcitriol
inactive form of vitamin D
cholecalciferol
active form of vitamin D
calcidiol
nitric oxide is a __?
vasodilator
descending limb of the loop of henle is freely permeable to what substance?
water
segment of the nephron is most of the filtered sodium, chloride, and potassium ions reabsorbed?
proximal convoluted tubule
what produces/stores renin?
juxtaglomerular apparatus
cells that secrete testosterone
leydig cells
skene’s gland gland secretes
mucus
where is skene’s gland found?
urethra
specific anatomical tubes are being cut?
vas deferens
ductus deferens
sperm duct
pattern of activation of brain neurons produce the what types of brain waves
alpha
beta
theta
brain wave that activates when awake but not doing anything
alpha
brain wave that activates during mental activity
betab
brain wave that activates when emotionally stressed
theta
divides body into anterior and posterior in equal halves
midcoronal plane
medical term for the inflammation of the brain
encephalitis
it is the beginning of mentruation
menarche
suffix for “eating”
-phagia
(ex: dysphagia)
suffix for “speech”
-phasia
suffix for “paralysis”
-plegia
suffix for “voice”
-phonia
“corpus” stand for ?
body
“laparo” stand for?
abdomen
“cephalo” stand for?
head
Borborygmi?
feeling hungry
medical term for feeling hungry?
borborygmi
branch of medicine which studies the body morphology
anatomy
medical term for nocturia
excessive urination at night
dysuria is ?
painful urination
hematuria is __?
blood in urine
scanty or few urination
oliguria
other terms of urination
voiding
micturation
root word relating to ear
Aur-
root word relating breast
Masto-
root word relating gland
Aden-
asthenia is medical for ?
weakeness
algia/algesia/algo
pain
body is cut in mid transverse plane into two parts?
superior and inferior
suffix word for tapping/puncture
-centhesis
combining word means to benumb or analgesic
narc/o
-osis means?
condition
cutane/o means?
skin/nail
what is diaphor/o?
profuse sweating
medical term tran/s means?
across or through
-lysis means?
separate from
apart
a term refers to pain in the limb
claudication
medical term for headache?
cephalalgia
medical term for chest pain?
angina pectoris
charley horse means?
muscle cramp
complete hearing loss
anacusis
anacusis means?
complete hearing loss
inflammation of the middle ear
otitis media
fluid build-up in the chambers of ear
meniere’s disease
constant rhythmic oscillation of the eyeball
nystagmus
condition that the eye is not align in the same direction
strabismus
night blindness
nyctalopia
medical term referred to as “opposite of”
anti-
medical term “ante” means __
before
trans mean ___
across
endo means ___
inside
term “panacea” means
remedy that cures all ills
a cure-all
oligo means ___
scanty/few
lormo means ___
true, good, easy, normal
exaggerated feeling of well-being
euphoria
feeling of unhappiness
dysphoria
replavite/renovite product is named for its action on the ___
kidney
“Pn” in pneumogen si pronounced?
n
other term for supine
dorsal recumbent
other term for prone
ventral recumbent
general term for lying down
recumbent
bursting forth of blood
hemorrhage
doctor of the ear, nose, larynx
otorhinolaryngologist
woman who has given birth
para
gravida means __
pregnant woman
gyn/o or gynec/o means ___
woman
-guesia means ____?
sense of taste
sense of taste medical term
-guesia
-esthesia, esthesi/o medical term
sensation
-osmia means ___
smell
xanth/o means ____
yellow
medical term for left
levo/sinister
medical term for right
dextro/dexter
ate/l- means ____
incomplete
poikilo means ____
irregular
“acro” could mean
extremity
letter -y in the word tetany (sustained muscle contraction is meant
a condition of
-pnea means __
breathing
medical term for one
mono/uni
tock/o means __
labor
labor medical term
tock/o
nitrogen compounds
azot/o
medical term for hidden
crypt/o
capnia means ___
carbon dioxide
-lexia means ____
reading/language
XT is the medical abbreviation for
exotropia
medical abbreviation for exotropia
XT
s with a line above means ___
without
medical abb: aa means ___
of each
medical abb: OU
both eyes
medical abb: PC
after meals
medical abb: ac
pertaining to
medical abb: ad.lib
ad libetu
taken as desired
K.B’s basal cell carcinoma may have been caused by chronic exposure to the sun and ultraviolet tanning bed use
actinic effect
sun damage due to excessive sun exposure
actinic effect
medical term for whiteheads and blackheads
pustules, comedones
what is pustules?
whiteheads
comedones are ___?
blackheads
whiteheads medterm
pustules
blackhead medterm
comedones
skin cancer is an overgrowth of pigment-producing epidermal cells
melanin
what cells protects the skin from UV rays?
melanocytes
basal cell carcinoma involves
epithelial cells
inflammation of the sweat glands
hydradenitis
hydrocortisone is a __?
steroid
“sone” indicates a
steroid
stomatitis, a common side effect of systemic chemotherapy, is an inflammatory condition of the ___?
mouth
overall health of the skin si the ___?
skin turgor (elasticity, hydration & nutrition, aging)
another term for pressure ulcer
bedsore, decubitus ulcer
FTSG means ___
Full Thickness Skin Graft
STSG means ____
Split Thickness Skin Graft
STSG is harvested with an instrument called ___, which can cut a thinner graft
Dermatone
condition causing redness and pustules, mainly in the face
posacea
term is referred to as radiation
actinic
cicatrix means __
scar/peklat
attempt to cope with the difficult situations by going back to his lower level of status
regression
ability to see object without using the five senses
clairvoyance
ability to move objects without touching
telekinesis
control minds of the people
psychokinesis
biggest thief of time
indecision
physician specializes in the hearing problem
otologist
during childbirth, incision may be made between the vagina and the anus to facilitate birth and prevent the tearing of tissue
Episiotomy
Perineotomy
Stroke is also called ___?
Cerebrovascular Disease
Cerebrovascular Accident
diastolic figure in the blood pressure rate
ventricular relaxation
route of administration is by mouth
po
hs means __?
bedtime
inches must the RRT stand to create a base of support within the feet when positioning
8-12”
responsible for the rise and fall of the diaphragm
phrenic nerve
“epiphysis cerebri”
sleep wake pattern
pineal gland
“hypophysis”
master gland for metabolism, growth
pituitary gland
what are the hormones of the thyroid?
T3, T4, TSH, Calcitonin
what happens to the hormones when the px has hyperthyroidism (grave’s disease)
Increased T3, T4
decreaed TSH
what happens to the hormones when the px has hypothyroidism
decreased T4
increased TSH
regurgitation of the acid
acid reflux/GERD
function of heart chambers valves?
prevent blood backflow/regurgitation
amount of serous fluid in the pericardium
15-50 mL
what are the exocrine glands?
-lacrimal glands
-salivary glands
-mammary glands
-pancreas
-liver
as you grow older, your thymus is ___?
converted to fat
group of muscles responsible for the eye movements
extraocular
how to activate the vitamin D underneath the skin?
sun exposure
acts as a funnel for urine flowing to ureter
Renal Pelvis
stones in the urinary system that appears white are made up of?
calcium
stones in the urinary system that appears black are made up of?
uric acid
what is the difference of stonogram and urogram??
stonogram - plain
urogram - contrast study
eyes moving in an inward direction
esotropia
eyes movement going down
hypotropia
eyes movement going up
hypertropia
eyes movement in an outward direction
exotropia
in imaging the PNS, what should be the patient’s position?
supine
(to rule out fluid levels)
what organism survived radiation?
cockroach
separates the compartment of tissue
epithelial cells
earwax is also called ?
serumen
why does bed-ridden patients develop bedsores/pressure ulcers/decubitus ulcer?
due to the accumulation of bacteria in moist/wet areas at the back of the patient because of prolonged lying down
even if the patient is bed-ridden, it is a must that patient should still move, in what time interval?
every 2 hours
vital signs are also called ?
cardinal signs
how to assess the angle of scoliosis?
use of cobb’s angle
what should you do if the patient experience anaphylactic shock?
place the patient in trendelenburg postion to allow the blood to flow back to the brain
inflammation of the vertebrae
spondylitis
“marble bone disease”
increased density in bone
osteopetrosis
lateral curvature of the spine
scoliosis
right lateral curvature of the spine
dextroscoliosis
brittle bone disease
osteogenesis imperfecta
medical term for sexual intercourse?
coitus
coping mechanism wherein you project your stress to other people (ex: shouting at them)
displacement
coping mechanism where you divert your attention in doing other activities such as sports, gym, doing recreational activities
sublimation
coping mechanism wherein you generalize your perception of people because of your trauma or previous experience you had with other people and leads you to have difficulty in creating bond with them
repression
coping mechanism wherein you lower down your status and do your previous habits because it gives you comfort
regression
“OU” means
Both Eyes
“OD” means __
Right Eye/Once daily
“OS” means ___
Left Eye
Kidney and adrenal glands are protected and covered by a layer of connective tissue
Gereto’s Capsule
Capsule that covers the liver
Glisson’s Capsule
this covers the afferent and efferent arterioles
Bowman’s Capsule
this is an divertulum or outpouching at the neck of GB
Hartmann’s pouch
