C4 Flashcards by Selina Charmaine Gallardo

colloidal substance that constitute the physical basis of all living activities

a. protoplasm
b. protract
d. protoplast
e. prototheca

Protoplasm

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“building up” from micromolecule to macromolecule

Anabolism

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“breaking down” from macromolecule to micromolecule

Catabolism

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brain of the cells
houses majority of the genetic materials

DNA

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protein synthesis
bring together the raw ingredients such as RNA

Ribosome

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“cell border”
regulates the organelles

Cell Membrane

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“cell wall”
serves as a barrier
protects the organelles from the microorganism that may enter the cell

Cell Wall

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has thick gelatin
cushions and protect the internal organelles

Cytoplasm

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“post-office”
coordinates messages from the outside towards the cell

Golgi Apparatus/Golgus Apparatus

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site of cellular respiration where ATP is produced

Mitochondria

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“waste disposal and recycling”
breakdown of macromolecules in the cell in the process of HYDROLYSIS

Lysosomes

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physiological balance of the body

Homeostasis

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Are humans monocellular or multicellular?

Multicellular

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holds many substances from organic molecules such as water

Vacuoles & Vesicle

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What organelle is responsible for atypical anabolism?

Lysosome

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What is the content which dictates that a substance is organic?

Carbon

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single elongated cytoplasmic extension carrying nerve pulses “AWAY” from the cell body

Axon

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Syncope is also called as?

Gap

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The more of this would allow an effective flow of impulses

Myelin Sheath

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RECEIVES messages from the other cells

Dendrites

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Pancreatic Duct is also called as?

Wirsung’s Duct

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Duct found in the submandibular gland

Warthon’s Duct

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Duct in found in the parotid gland

Stensen’s Duct

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Accessory Pancreatic Duct

Santorini Duct/Duct of Santorini

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Hepatopancreatic Duct is also called as?

Ampulla of Vater

"Romance of Abdomen"

Pancreas -the pancreas is wrapped in the arms of its lover, duodenum

Organs of digestive tract which are part of the romance of abdomen

Duodenum Pancreas

Difference of exocrine and endocrine

presence of duct

Exocrine System needs a duct or doesn't need a duct?

needs a duct

Endocrine System needs a duct or doesn't need a duct?

doesn’t need a duct

Islet of Langerhands

1. A Cell - Glucagon 2. B Cell - Insulin 3. Delta Cell - Somatostatin 4. FF Cells/T Cells - Pancreatic Polypeptide

Patient is experiencing hypoglacemia. What should you do?

Give the patient something sweet Give the patient a candy/chocolate

DM stands for?

Diabetes Mellitus

How many types of DM are there?

Two - type 1 - type 2

"Juvenile Diabetes" insulin-dependent needs insulin because pancreas doesn't produce insulin

TYPE 1 Diabetes

Patient introduce insulin in fatter areas of the body such as the abdomen or thigh. Why?

Fatter areas of the body allow faster absorption because of the presence of blood vessels

independent type of diabetes body produces many insulin but the cells doesn't recognize and absorb them

TYPE 2 Diabetes

What is the medication give to patients with Type 2 diabetes?

Metformin

type of diabetes experienced by pregnant patients

Gestational Diabetes

long narrow ridge located posteriorly called?

Linea Aspea

How many lobes are there in the liver?

4 lobes

what separates the right and left lobes of the liver?

Falciform Ligament

organ that produces bile?

Liver

organ that stores or serves as a reservoir of the excess bile

Gallbladder

cells that produces bile to the liver

hepatic cells

cells responsible for emulsification/cell-eating cells

Kuffer Cells

Inflammation of the gallbladder

Cholecystitis

Inflammation of the liver

hepatitis

Stone in the common bile duct

Choledocholithiasis

Jaundice is caused by?

increased bilirubin

yellow discoloration of the skin, eyes

jaundice

left lung has how many lobes?

2 lobes (Upper and Lower)

what separates the lobes of the lungs?

Fissures

right lungs has how many lobes?

3 lobes (Upper, Middle, Lower)

fissures of the right lung?

Horizontal Fissure Oblique Fissure

fissures of the left lung?

Oblique Fissure

cellular organism that lacks true nucleus?

Prokaryotes

Right hemidiaphragm is 1cm higher than left hemidiaphragm. Is it normal or not?

Normal (this happens due to the presence of liver)

other name of pleural effusion

pneumothorax

right hemidiaphragm is higher to how many percentage of the population?

90%

right and left hemidiaphragm is even in level to many percentage of the population?

10%

junction between the mediastinum and each lung

hilus

sternal angle is also called as?

angle of louis

bifurcation of the right and left bronchus

carina

who has the higher angle of louis? male or female?

female (16.5 degrees sternal angle) male (163.4 degrees sternal angle)

number of RBC in the blood

hematocrit

average percentage of hematocrit in the blood?

45%

protein in the RBC

hemoglobin

low level of hematocrit results to?

anemia management: take iron

high level of hematocrit results to?

dehydration polycythemia vera (cause: idiopathic)

which is more fatal? pneumonia or PTB?

pneumonia

which requires more long term medication? pneumonia or PTB?

PTB

anemia after surgery (gastroectomy) eventually develops as a consequence of vitamin B12 deficiency

Pernicious Anemia

____ deficiency occurs after gastroectomy

Vitamin B12

Angiotensine 1: vasodilator or vasoconstrictor?

vasodilator

Angiotensine 2:vasodilator or vasoconstrictor?

vasoconstrictor

during hand x-ray, what is the breathing instruction?

suspended respiration

what converts angiotensine 1 to angiotensine 2?

Lungs

converts renin to angiotensine 1

Kidney

broad upper border of patella

base

lower border of patella

apex

layer of the artery that is composed of endothelial cells

tunica intima

subarachnoid space in the skull is located between?

pia matter & arachnoid

functions of the spleen

immunologic blood storage blood destruction

organ that produces blood in infants

Pancreas

organ that produces blood in adults

Bone Marrow (Red B.M - Blood) (Yellow B.M. - Fats)

part of the occipital bone located in front of the foramen magnum

basilar

percentage does a healthy person's total oxygen consume for work of breathing

right kidney is lower than left kidney about ?

1-2 inches

largest portion of the brain

cerebrum

part of the brain responsible for balance

cerebellum

part of the brain responsible for breathing, coughing, involuntary responses

brainstem

lobe of the brain responsible for problem solving, speech

Frontal Lobe

region of the brain involved in speech

Broca's Area

lobe of the brain responsible for hearing, balance, memory

Temporal Lobe

part of the brain involve in comprehension of the written/spoken language

Wernicke's Area

lobe of the brain responsible for identifying textures (touch reception)

Parietal Lobe

lobe of the brain responsible for sight/vision

Occipital Lobe

double-walled capsule surrounding the glomerulus of a vertebrae nephron

Bowman's Capsule

capsule for the eye

Tenon's Capsule

capsule/covers the fetus

Desidua Capsularis

what lubricates the urethra?

bulbourethral gland

what lubricates the vagina?

bartolin glands

blood going to the kidney

afferent arteriole

blood goes away from the kidney

efferent arteriole

process of tending to cause gallbladder to contract and discharge bile

cholecystokinin

smallest bone in body

stapes

branches that supply blood to the brain

circle of willis

joint between the 4th and 5th dorsal vertebrae normally coincides with ?

angle of louis/sternal angle

smallest facial bone

lacrimal bone

there are how many facial bones?

14 facial bones

found on the anterolateral surface of the humeral shaft

greater tubercle

bone comprises the olecranon process

ulna

first artery that branches off the arch of the aorta

brachiocephalic artery

what forms the elbow joint?

olecranon

most distal part of the colon

sigmoid

chamber that receives the blood from the pulmonary circulation

left atrium

body cavities that are separated by the diaphragm

thoracic cavity/pleural cavity abdominal cavity

master gland that is responsible for metabolism

pituitary gland

gland that assist in the metabolism

thyroid gland

left atrium is located in the __ border of the heart as seen on CXR

posterior

organ systems responsible of protecting the body against pathogens

lymphatic integumentary

aspirate a small object into the lungs, object most likely to lodge to the ?

right main bronchus (short, wide/broad, more vertical)

2 semilunar valves:

pulmonary aortic

function of the serous fluid found in the pericardium

precent friction as heart beats

amount of serous fluid in pericardium

15-50 mL

structures produces the CSF

choroid plexus

principal medium of cell

water

islet of langerhands is found in?

pancreas

most fixed portion of the small intestine

duodeum

exocrine glands includes?

parotid submandibular submaxillary -they all have ducts

vessels that are directly branching from the aorta

brachiocephalic left common carotid artery left subclavian artery

what are the retroperitoneal organs?

SADPUCKERS

prevents food from entering the small intestine

pyloric sphincter

two portions of bowel meet at the angle of treitz

duodenum, jejunum

largest lymphatic organ in a child

thymus

major pathway of communication between right and left hemisphere?

corpus callosum

it recognizes the history or feeling of pain (ex: you were punctured with a needle before, and you can remember what kind of pain you felt)

insula

muscle that is unique and rare due to its absence in 10-15% people originate on the medial epicondyle of the humerus and inserts into the anterior aspect of the flexor retinaculum and into palmar aponeurosis

Palmaris Longuss

strongest muscle

masseter

longest muscle

sartorius

muscles attached to greater tubercle

supraspinatus infraspinatus teres minor

muscle attached to lesser tubercle

subscapularis muscle

artery that supplies blood to the neck

carotid artery

artery that supplies blood to the extremeties

subclavian artery

the function of this organ is to absorb nutrients in the body

small intestine

the function of this organ is to absorb water

large intestine

appendix is also called?

verniform

function of this organ is to store good bacteria keeper of intestinal flora

appendics

normal size of the appendix

8-10cm

hormone does the kidney produce that stimulates red blood cell production

Erythropoeitin

steps in vitamin d production does the kidney perform

converts calcidiol in calcitriol

inactive form of vitamin D

cholecalciferol

active form of vitamin D

calcidiol

nitric oxide is a __?

vasodilator

descending limb of the loop of henle is freely permeable to what substance?

water

segment of the nephron is most of the filtered sodium, chloride, and potassium ions reabsorbed?

proximal convoluted tubule

what produces/stores renin?

juxtaglomerular apparatus

cells that secrete testosterone

leydig cells

skene's gland gland secretes

mucus

where is skene's gland found?

urethra

specific anatomical tubes are being cut?

vas deferens ductus deferens sperm duct

pattern of activation of brain neurons produce the what types of brain waves

alpha beta theta

brain wave that activates when awake but not doing anything

alpha

brain wave that activates during mental activity

betab

brain wave that activates when emotionally stressed

theta

divides body into anterior and posterior in equal halves

midcoronal plane

medical term for the inflammation of the brain

encephalitis

it is the beginning of mentruation

menarche

suffix for "eating"

-phagia (ex: dysphagia)

suffix for "speech"

-phasia

suffix for "paralysis"

-plegia

suffix for "voice"

-phonia

"corpus" stand for ?

body

"laparo" stand for?

abdomen

"cephalo" stand for?

head

Borborygmi?

feeling hungry

medical term for feeling hungry?

borborygmi

branch of medicine which studies the body morphology

anatomy

medical term for nocturia

excessive urination at night

dysuria is ?

painful urination

hematuria is __?

blood in urine

scanty or few urination

oliguria

other terms of urination

voiding micturation

root word relating to ear

Aur-

root word relating breast

Masto-

root word relating gland

Aden-

asthenia is medical for ?

weakeness

algia/algesia/algo

pain

body is cut in mid transverse plane into two parts?

superior and inferior

suffix word for tapping/puncture

-centhesis

combining word means to benumb or analgesic

narc/o

-osis means?

condition

cutane/o means?

skin/nail

what is diaphor/o?

profuse sweating

medical term tran/s means?

across or through

-lysis means?

separate from apart

a term refers to pain in the limb

claudication

medical term for headache?

cephalalgia

medical term for chest pain?

angina pectoris

charley horse means?

muscle cramp

complete hearing loss

anacusis

anacusis means?

complete hearing loss

inflammation of the middle ear

otitis media

fluid build-up in the chambers of ear

meniere's disease

constant rhythmic oscillation of the eyeball

nystagmus

condition that the eye is not align in the same direction

strabismus

night blindness

nyctalopia

medical term referred to as "opposite of"

anti-

medical term "ante" means __

before

trans mean ___

across

endo means ___

inside

term "panacea" means

remedy that cures all ills a cure-all

oligo means ___

scanty/few

lormo means ___

true, good, easy, normal

exaggerated feeling of well-being

euphoria

feeling of unhappiness

dysphoria

replavite/renovite product is named for its action on the ___

kidney

"Pn" in pneumogen si pronounced?

other term for supine

dorsal recumbent

other term for prone

ventral recumbent

general term for lying down

recumbent

bursting forth of blood

hemorrhage

doctor of the ear, nose, larynx

otorhinolaryngologist

woman who has given birth

para

gravida means __

pregnant woman

gyn/o or gynec/o means ___

woman

-guesia means ____?

sense of taste

sense of taste medical term

-guesia

-esthesia, esthesi/o medical term

sensation

-osmia means ___

smell

xanth/o means ____

yellow

medical term for left

levo/sinister

medical term for right

dextro/dexter

ate/l- means ____

incomplete

poikilo means ____

irregular

"acro" could mean

extremity

letter -y in the word tetany (sustained muscle contraction is meant

a condition of

-pnea means __

breathing

medical term for one

mono/uni

tock/o means __

labor

labor medical term

tock/o

nitrogen compounds

azot/o

medical term for hidden

crypt/o

capnia means ___

carbon dioxide

-lexia means ____

reading/language

XT is the medical abbreviation for

exotropia

medical abbreviation for exotropia

s with a line above means ___

without

medical abb: aa means ___

of each

medical abb: OU

both eyes

medical abb: PC

after meals

medical abb: ac

pertaining to

medical abb: ad.lib

ad libetu taken as desired

K.B's basal cell carcinoma may have been caused by chronic exposure to the sun and ultraviolet tanning bed use

actinic effect

sun damage due to excessive sun exposure

actinic effect

medical term for whiteheads and blackheads

pustules, comedones

what is pustules?

whiteheads

comedones are ___?

blackheads

whiteheads medterm

pustules

blackhead medterm

comedones

skin cancer is an overgrowth of pigment-producing epidermal cells

melanin

what cells protects the skin from UV rays?

melanocytes

basal cell carcinoma involves

epithelial cells

inflammation of the sweat glands

hydradenitis

hydrocortisone is a __?

steroid

"sone" indicates a

steroid

stomatitis, a common side effect of systemic chemotherapy, is an inflammatory condition of the ___?

mouth

overall health of the skin si the ___?

skin turgor (elasticity, hydration & nutrition, aging)

another term for pressure ulcer

bedsore, decubitus ulcer

FTSG means ___

Full Thickness Skin Graft

STSG means ____

Split Thickness Skin Graft

STSG is harvested with an instrument called ___, which can cut a thinner graft

Dermatone

condition causing redness and pustules, mainly in the face

posacea

term is referred to as radiation

actinic

cicatrix means __

scar/peklat

attempt to cope with the difficult situations by going back to his lower level of status

regression

ability to see object without using the five senses

clairvoyance

ability to move objects without touching

telekinesis

control minds of the people

psychokinesis

biggest thief of time

indecision

physician specializes in the hearing problem

otologist

during childbirth, incision may be made between the vagina and the anus to facilitate birth and prevent the tearing of tissue

Episiotomy Perineotomy

Stroke is also called ___?

Cerebrovascular Disease Cerebrovascular Accident

diastolic figure in the blood pressure rate

ventricular relaxation

route of administration is by mouth

hs means __?

bedtime

inches must the RRT stand to create a base of support within the feet when positioning

8-12"

responsible for the rise and fall of the diaphragm

phrenic nerve

"epiphysis cerebri" sleep wake pattern

pineal gland

"hypophysis" master gland for metabolism, growth

pituitary gland

what are the hormones of the thyroid?

T3, T4, TSH, Calcitonin

what happens to the hormones when the px has hyperthyroidism (grave's disease)

Increased T3, T4 decreaed TSH

what happens to the hormones when the px has hypothyroidism

decreased T4 increased TSH

regurgitation of the acid

acid reflux/GERD

function of heart chambers valves?

prevent blood backflow/regurgitation

amount of serous fluid in the pericardium

15-50 mL

what are the exocrine glands?

-lacrimal glands -salivary glands -mammary glands -pancreas -liver

as you grow older, your thymus is ___?

converted to fat

group of muscles responsible for the eye movements

extraocular

how to activate the vitamin D underneath the skin?

sun exposure

acts as a funnel for urine flowing to ureter

Renal Pelvis

stones in the urinary system that appears white are made up of?

calcium

stones in the urinary system that appears black are made up of?

uric acid

what is the difference of stonogram and urogram??

stonogram - plain urogram - contrast study

eyes moving in an inward direction

esotropia

eyes movement going down

hypotropia

eyes movement going up

hypertropia

eyes movement in an outward direction

exotropia

in imaging the PNS, what should be the patient's position?

supine (to rule out fluid levels)

what organism survived radiation?

cockroach

separates the compartment of tissue

epithelial cells

earwax is also called ?

serumen

why does bed-ridden patients develop bedsores/pressure ulcers/decubitus ulcer?

due to the accumulation of bacteria in moist/wet areas at the back of the patient because of prolonged lying down

even if the patient is bed-ridden, it is a must that patient should still move, in what time interval?

every 2 hours

vital signs are also called ?

cardinal signs

how to assess the angle of scoliosis?

use of cobb's angle

what should you do if the patient experience anaphylactic shock?

place the patient in trendelenburg postion to allow the blood to flow back to the brain

inflammation of the vertebrae

spondylitis

"marble bone disease" increased density in bone

osteopetrosis

lateral curvature of the spine

scoliosis

right lateral curvature of the spine

dextroscoliosis

brittle bone disease

osteogenesis imperfecta

medical term for sexual intercourse?

coitus

coping mechanism wherein you project your stress to other people (ex: shouting at them)

displacement

coping mechanism where you divert your attention in doing other activities such as sports, gym, doing recreational activities

sublimation

coping mechanism wherein you generalize your perception of people because of your trauma or previous experience you had with other people and leads you to have difficulty in creating bond with them

repression

coping mechanism wherein you lower down your status and do your previous habits because it gives you comfort

regression

“OU” means

Both Eyes

“OD” means __

Right Eye/Once daily

“OS” means ___

Left Eye

Kidney and adrenal glands are protected and covered by a layer of connective tissue

Gereto’s Capsule

Capsule that covers the liver

Glisson’s Capsule

this covers the afferent and efferent arterioles

Bowman’s Capsule

this is an divertulum or outpouching at the neck of GB

Hartmann’s pouch

C4 Flashcards

recall questions