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C4 Flashcards

recall questions

1
Q

colloidal substance that constitute the physical basis of all living activities

a. protoplasm
b. protract
d. protoplast
e. prototheca

A

Protoplasm

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2
Q

“building up” from micromolecule to macromolecule

A

Anabolism

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3
Q

“breaking down” from macromolecule to micromolecule

A

Catabolism

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4
Q

brain of the cells
houses majority of the genetic materials

A

DNA

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5
Q

protein synthesis
bring together the raw ingredients such as RNA

A

Ribosome

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6
Q

“cell border”
regulates the organelles

A

Cell Membrane

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7
Q

“cell wall”
serves as a barrier
protects the organelles from the microorganism that may enter the cell

A

Cell Wall

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8
Q

has thick gelatin
cushions and protect the internal organelles

A

Cytoplasm

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9
Q

“post-office”
coordinates messages from the outside towards the cell

A

Golgi Apparatus/Golgus Apparatus

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10
Q

site of cellular respiration where ATP is produced

A

Mitochondria

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11
Q

“waste disposal and recycling”
breakdown of macromolecules in the cell in the process of HYDROLYSIS

A

Lysosomes

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12
Q

physiological balance of the body

A

Homeostasis

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13
Q

Are humans monocellular or multicellular?

A

Multicellular

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14
Q

holds many substances from organic molecules such as water

A

Vacuoles & Vesicle

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14
Q

What organelle is responsible for atypical anabolism?

A

Lysosome

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15
Q

What is the content which dictates that a substance is organic?

A

Carbon

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15
Q

single elongated cytoplasmic extension carrying nerve pulses “AWAY” from the cell body

A

Axon

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15
Q

Syncope is also called as?

A

Gap

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16
Q

The more of this would allow an effective flow of impulses

A

Myelin Sheath

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17
Q

RECEIVES messages from the other cells

A

Dendrites

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17
Q

Pancreatic Duct is also called as?

A

Wirsung’s Duct

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18
Q

Duct found in the submandibular gland

A

Warthon’s Duct

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19
Q

Duct in found in the parotid gland

A

Stensen’s Duct

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20
Q

Accessory Pancreatic Duct

A

Santorini Duct/Duct of Santorini

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21
Q

Hepatopancreatic Duct is also called as?

A

Ampulla of Vater

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22
Q

“Romance of Abdomen”

A

Pancreas
-the pancreas is wrapped in the arms of its lover, duodenum

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23
Q

Organs of digestive tract which are part of the romance of abdomen

A

Duodenum
Pancreas

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24
Q

Difference of exocrine and endocrine

A

presence of duct

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25
Q

Exocrine System needs a duct or doesn’t need a duct?

A

needs a duct

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26
Q

Endocrine System needs a duct or doesn’t need a duct?

A

doesn’t need a duct

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27
Q

Islet of Langerhands

A
  1. A Cell - Glucagon
  2. B Cell - Insulin
  3. Delta Cell - Somatostatin
  4. FF Cells/T Cells - Pancreatic Polypeptide
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28
Q

Patient is experiencing hypoglacemia. What should you do?

A

Give the patient something sweet
Give the patient a candy/chocolate

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29
Q

DM stands for?

A

Diabetes Mellitus

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30
Q

How many types of DM are there?

A

Two
- type 1
- type 2

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31
Q

“Juvenile Diabetes”
insulin-dependent
needs insulin because pancreas doesn’t produce insulin

A

TYPE 1 Diabetes

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32
Q

Patient introduce insulin in fatter areas of the body such as the abdomen or thigh. Why?

A

Fatter areas of the body allow faster absorption because of the presence of blood vessels

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33
Q

independent type of diabetes
body produces many insulin but the cells doesn’t recognize and absorb them

A

TYPE 2 Diabetes

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34
Q

What is the medication give to patients with Type 2 diabetes?

A

Metformin

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35
Q

type of diabetes experienced by pregnant patients

A

Gestational Diabetes

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36
Q

long narrow ridge located posteriorly called?

A

Linea Aspea

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37
Q

How many lobes are there in the liver?

A

4 lobes

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38
Q

what separates the right and left lobes of the liver?

A

Falciform Ligament

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39
Q

organ that produces bile?

A

Liver

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40
Q

organ that stores or serves as a reservoir of the excess bile

A

Gallbladder

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41
Q

cells that produces bile to the liver

A

hepatic cells

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42
Q

cells responsible for emulsification/cell-eating cells

A

Kuffer Cells

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43
Q

Inflammation of the gallbladder

A

Cholecystitis

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44
Q

Inflammation of the liver

A

hepatitis

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45
Q

Stone in the common bile duct

A

Choledocholithiasis

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46
Q

Jaundice is caused by?

A

increased bilirubin

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47
Q

yellow discoloration of the skin, eyes

A

jaundice

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48
Q

left lung has how many lobes?

A

2 lobes (Upper and Lower)

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49
Q

what separates the lobes of the lungs?

A

Fissures

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50
Q

right lungs has how many lobes?

A

3 lobes (Upper, Middle, Lower)

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51
Q

fissures of the right lung?

A

Horizontal Fissure
Oblique Fissure

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52
Q

fissures of the left lung?

A

Oblique Fissure

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53
Q

cellular organism that lacks true nucleus?

A

Prokaryotes

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54
Q

Right hemidiaphragm is 1cm higher than left hemidiaphragm. Is it normal or not?

A

Normal
(this happens due to the presence of liver)

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55
Q

other name of pleural effusion

A

pneumothorax

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56
Q

right hemidiaphragm is higher to how many percentage of the population?

A

90%

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57
Q

right and left hemidiaphragm is even in level to many percentage of the population?

A

10%

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58
Q

junction between the mediastinum and each lung

A

hilus

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59
Q

sternal angle is also called as?

A

angle of louis

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60
Q

bifurcation of the right and left bronchus

A

carina

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61
Q

who has the higher angle of louis? male or female?

A

female (16.5 degrees sternal angle)

male (163.4 degrees sternal angle)

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62
Q

number of RBC in the blood

A

hematocrit

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63
Q

average percentage of hematocrit in the blood?

A

45%

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64
Q

protein in the RBC

A

hemoglobin

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65
Q

low level of hematocrit results to?

A

anemia
management: take iron

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66
Q

high level of hematocrit results to?

A

dehydration
polycythemia vera (cause: idiopathic)

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67
Q

which is more fatal? pneumonia or PTB?

A

pneumonia

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68
Q

which requires more long term medication? pneumonia or PTB?

A

PTB

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69
Q

anemia after surgery (gastroectomy)
eventually develops as a consequence of vitamin B12 deficiency

A

Pernicious Anemia

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70
Q

____ deficiency occurs after gastroectomy

A

Vitamin B12

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71
Q

Angiotensine 1: vasodilator or vasoconstrictor?

A

vasodilator

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72
Q

Angiotensine 2:vasodilator or vasoconstrictor?

A

vasoconstrictor

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73
Q

during hand x-ray, what is the breathing instruction?

A

suspended respiration

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74
Q

what converts angiotensine 1 to angiotensine 2?

A

Lungs

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75
Q

converts renin to angiotensine 1

A

Kidney

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76
Q

broad upper border of patella

A

base

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77
Q

lower border of patella

A

apex

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78
Q

layer of the artery that is composed of endothelial cells

A

tunica intima

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79
Q

subarachnoid space in the skull is located between?

A

pia matter & arachnoid

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80
Q

functions of the spleen

A

immunologic
blood storage
blood destruction

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81
Q

organ that produces blood in infants

A

Pancreas

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82
Q

organ that produces blood in adults

A

Bone Marrow
(Red B.M - Blood)
(Yellow B.M. - Fats)

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83
Q

part of the occipital bone located in front of the foramen magnum

A

basilar

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84
Q

percentage does a healthy person’s total oxygen consume for work of breathing

A

5%

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85
Q

right kidney is lower than left kidney about ?

A

1-2 inches

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86
Q

largest portion of the brain

A

cerebrum

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87
Q

part of the brain responsible for balance

A

cerebellum

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88
Q

part of the brain responsible for breathing, coughing, involuntary responses

A

brainstem

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89
Q

lobe of the brain responsible for problem solving, speech

A

Frontal Lobe

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90
Q

region of the brain involved in speech

A

Broca’s Area

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91
Q

lobe of the brain responsible for hearing, balance, memory

A

Temporal Lobe

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92
Q

part of the brain involve in comprehension of the written/spoken language

A

Wernicke’s Area

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93
Q

lobe of the brain responsible for identifying textures (touch reception)

A

Parietal Lobe

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94
Q

lobe of the brain responsible for sight/vision

A

Occipital Lobe

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95
Q

double-walled capsule surrounding the glomerulus of a vertebrae nephron

A

Bowman’s Capsule

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96
Q

capsule for the eye

A

Tenon’s Capsule

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97
Q

capsule/covers the fetus

A

Desidua Capsularis

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98
Q

what lubricates the urethra?

A

bulbourethral gland

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99
Q

what lubricates the vagina?

A

bartolin glands

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100
Q

blood going to the kidney

A

afferent arteriole

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101
Q

blood goes away from the kidney

A

efferent arteriole

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102
Q

process of tending to cause gallbladder to contract and discharge bile

A

cholecystokinin

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103
Q

smallest bone in body

A

stapes

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104
Q

branches that supply blood to the brain

A

circle of willis

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104
Q

joint between the 4th and 5th dorsal vertebrae normally coincides with ?

A

angle of louis/sternal angle

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105
Q

smallest facial bone

A

lacrimal bone

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106
Q

there are how many facial bones?

A

14 facial bones

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107
Q

found on the anterolateral surface of the humeral shaft

A

greater tubercle

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108
Q

bone comprises the olecranon process

A

ulna

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109
Q

first artery that branches off the arch of the aorta

A

brachiocephalic artery

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110
Q

what forms the elbow joint?

A

olecranon

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111
Q

most distal part of the colon

A

sigmoid

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112
Q

chamber that receives the blood from the pulmonary circulation

A

left atrium

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113
Q

body cavities that are separated by the diaphragm

A

thoracic cavity/pleural cavity
abdominal cavity

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114
Q

master gland that is responsible for metabolism

A

pituitary gland

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115
Q

gland that assist in the metabolism

A

thyroid gland

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116
Q

left atrium is located in the __ border of the heart as seen on CXR

A

posterior

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117
Q

organ systems responsible of protecting the body against pathogens

A

lymphatic
integumentary

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118
Q

aspirate a small object into the lungs, object most likely to lodge to the ?

A

right main bronchus
(short, wide/broad, more vertical)

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119
Q

2 semilunar valves:

A

pulmonary
aortic

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120
Q

function of the serous fluid found in the pericardium

A

precent friction as heart beats

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121
Q

amount of serous fluid in pericardium

A

15-50 mL

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122
Q

structures produces the CSF

A

choroid plexus

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123
Q

principal medium of cell

A

water

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124
Q

islet of langerhands is found in?

A

pancreas

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125
Q

most fixed portion of the small intestine

A

duodeum

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126
Q

exocrine glands includes?

A

parotid
submandibular
submaxillary
-they all have ducts

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127
Q

vessels that are directly branching from the aorta

A

brachiocephalic
left common carotid artery
left subclavian artery

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128
Q

what are the retroperitoneal organs?

A

SADPUCKERS

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129
Q

prevents food from entering the small intestine

A

pyloric sphincter

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130
Q

two portions of bowel meet at the angle of treitz

A

duodenum, jejunum

131
Q

largest lymphatic organ in a child

A

thymus

132
Q

major pathway of communication between right and left hemisphere?

A

corpus callosum

133
Q

it recognizes the history or feeling of pain
(ex: you were punctured with a needle before, and you can remember what kind of pain you felt)

A

insula

134
Q

muscle that is unique and rare due to its absence in 10-15% people originate on the medial epicondyle of the humerus and inserts into the anterior aspect of the flexor retinaculum and into palmar aponeurosis

A

Palmaris Longuss

135
Q

strongest muscle

A

masseter

136
Q

longest muscle

A

sartorius

137
Q

muscles attached to greater tubercle

A

supraspinatus
infraspinatus
teres minor

138
Q

muscle attached to lesser tubercle

A

subscapularis muscle

139
Q

artery that supplies blood to the neck

A

carotid artery

140
Q

artery that supplies blood to the extremeties

A

subclavian artery

141
Q

the function of this organ is to absorb nutrients in the body

A

small intestine

142
Q

the function of this organ is to absorb water

A

large intestine

143
Q

appendix is also called?

A

verniform

144
Q

function of this organ is to store good bacteria
keeper of intestinal flora

A

appendics

145
Q

normal size of the appendix

A

8-10cm

146
Q

hormone does the kidney produce that stimulates red blood cell production

A

Erythropoeitin

147
Q

steps in vitamin d production does the kidney perform

A

converts calcidiol in calcitriol

148
Q

inactive form of vitamin D

A

cholecalciferol

149
Q

active form of vitamin D

A

calcidiol

150
Q

nitric oxide is a __?

A

vasodilator

151
Q

descending limb of the loop of henle is freely permeable to what substance?

A

water

152
Q

segment of the nephron is most of the filtered sodium, chloride, and potassium ions reabsorbed?

A

proximal convoluted tubule

153
Q

what produces/stores renin?

A

juxtaglomerular apparatus

154
Q

cells that secrete testosterone

A

leydig cells

155
Q

skene’s gland gland secretes

A

mucus

156
Q

where is skene’s gland found?

A

urethra

157
Q

specific anatomical tubes are being cut?

A

vas deferens
ductus deferens
sperm duct

158
Q

pattern of activation of brain neurons produce the what types of brain waves

A

alpha
beta
theta

159
Q

brain wave that activates when awake but not doing anything

A

alpha

160
Q

brain wave that activates during mental activity

A

betab

161
Q

brain wave that activates when emotionally stressed

A

theta

162
Q

divides body into anterior and posterior in equal halves

A

midcoronal plane

163
Q

medical term for the inflammation of the brain

A

encephalitis

164
Q

it is the beginning of mentruation

A

menarche

165
Q

suffix for “eating”

A

-phagia
(ex: dysphagia)

166
Q

suffix for “speech”

A

-phasia

167
Q

suffix for “paralysis”

A

-plegia

168
Q

suffix for “voice”

A

-phonia

169
Q

“corpus” stand for ?

A

body

170
Q

“laparo” stand for?

A

abdomen

171
Q

“cephalo” stand for?

A

head

172
Q

Borborygmi?

A

feeling hungry

173
Q

medical term for feeling hungry?

A

borborygmi

174
Q

branch of medicine which studies the body morphology

A

anatomy

175
Q

medical term for nocturia

A

excessive urination at night

176
Q

dysuria is ?

A

painful urination

177
Q

hematuria is __?

A

blood in urine

178
Q

scanty or few urination

A

oliguria

179
Q

other terms of urination

A

voiding
micturation

180
Q

root word relating to ear

A

Aur-

181
Q

root word relating breast

A

Masto-

182
Q

root word relating gland

A

Aden-

183
Q

asthenia is medical for ?

A

weakeness

184
Q

algia/algesia/algo

A

pain

185
Q

body is cut in mid transverse plane into two parts?

A

superior and inferior

186
Q

suffix word for tapping/puncture

A

-centhesis

187
Q

combining word means to benumb or analgesic

A

narc/o

188
Q

-osis means?

A

condition

189
Q

cutane/o means?

A

skin/nail

190
Q

what is diaphor/o?

A

profuse sweating

191
Q

medical term tran/s means?

A

across or through

192
Q

-lysis means?

A

separate from
apart

193
Q

a term refers to pain in the limb

A

claudication

194
Q

medical term for headache?

A

cephalalgia

195
Q

medical term for chest pain?

A

angina pectoris

196
Q

charley horse means?

A

muscle cramp

197
Q

complete hearing loss

A

anacusis

198
Q

anacusis means?

A

complete hearing loss

199
Q

inflammation of the middle ear

A

otitis media

200
Q

fluid build-up in the chambers of ear

A

meniere’s disease

201
Q

constant rhythmic oscillation of the eyeball

A

nystagmus

202
Q

condition that the eye is not align in the same direction

A

strabismus

203
Q

night blindness

A

nyctalopia

204
Q

medical term referred to as “opposite of”

A

anti-

205
Q

medical term “ante” means __

A

before

206
Q

trans mean ___

A

across

207
Q

endo means ___

A

inside

208
Q

term “panacea” means

A

remedy that cures all ills
a cure-all

209
Q

oligo means ___

A

scanty/few

210
Q

lormo means ___

A

true, good, easy, normal

211
Q

exaggerated feeling of well-being

A

euphoria

212
Q

feeling of unhappiness

A

dysphoria

213
Q

replavite/renovite product is named for its action on the ___

A

kidney

214
Q

“Pn” in pneumogen si pronounced?

A

n

215
Q

other term for supine

A

dorsal recumbent

216
Q

other term for prone

A

ventral recumbent

217
Q

general term for lying down

A

recumbent

218
Q

bursting forth of blood

A

hemorrhage

219
Q

doctor of the ear, nose, larynx

A

otorhinolaryngologist

220
Q

woman who has given birth

A

para

221
Q

gravida means __

A

pregnant woman

222
Q

gyn/o or gynec/o means ___

A

woman

223
Q

-guesia means ____?

A

sense of taste

224
Q

sense of taste medical term

A

-guesia

225
Q

-esthesia, esthesi/o medical term

A

sensation

226
Q

-osmia means ___

A

smell

227
Q

xanth/o means ____

A

yellow

228
Q

medical term for left

A

levo/sinister

229
Q

medical term for right

A

dextro/dexter

230
Q

ate/l- means ____

A

incomplete

231
Q

poikilo means ____

A

irregular

232
Q

“acro” could mean

A

extremity

233
Q

letter -y in the word tetany (sustained muscle contraction is meant

A

a condition of

234
Q

-pnea means __

A

breathing

235
Q

medical term for one

A

mono/uni

236
Q

tock/o means __

A

labor

237
Q

labor medical term

A

tock/o

238
Q

nitrogen compounds

A

azot/o

239
Q

medical term for hidden

A

crypt/o

240
Q

capnia means ___

A

carbon dioxide

241
Q

-lexia means ____

A

reading/language

242
Q

XT is the medical abbreviation for

A

exotropia

243
Q

medical abbreviation for exotropia

A

XT

244
Q

s with a line above means ___

A

without

245
Q

medical abb: aa means ___

A

of each

246
Q

medical abb: OU

A

both eyes

247
Q

medical abb: PC

A

after meals

248
Q

medical abb: ac

A

pertaining to

249
Q

medical abb: ad.lib

A

ad libetu
taken as desired

250
Q

K.B’s basal cell carcinoma may have been caused by chronic exposure to the sun and ultraviolet tanning bed use

A

actinic effect

251
Q

sun damage due to excessive sun exposure

A

actinic effect

252
Q

medical term for whiteheads and blackheads

A

pustules, comedones

253
Q

what is pustules?

A

whiteheads

254
Q

comedones are ___?

A

blackheads

255
Q

whiteheads medterm

A

pustules

256
Q

blackhead medterm

A

comedones

257
Q

skin cancer is an overgrowth of pigment-producing epidermal cells

A

melanin

258
Q

what cells protects the skin from UV rays?

A

melanocytes

259
Q

basal cell carcinoma involves

A

epithelial cells

260
Q

inflammation of the sweat glands

A

hydradenitis

261
Q

hydrocortisone is a __?

A

steroid

262
Q

“sone” indicates a

A

steroid

263
Q

stomatitis, a common side effect of systemic chemotherapy, is an inflammatory condition of the ___?

A

mouth

264
Q

overall health of the skin si the ___?

A

skin turgor (elasticity, hydration & nutrition, aging)

265
Q

another term for pressure ulcer

A

bedsore, decubitus ulcer

266
Q

FTSG means ___

A

Full Thickness Skin Graft

267
Q

STSG means ____

A

Split Thickness Skin Graft

268
Q

STSG is harvested with an instrument called ___, which can cut a thinner graft

A

Dermatone

269
Q

condition causing redness and pustules, mainly in the face

A

posacea

270
Q

term is referred to as radiation

A

actinic

271
Q

cicatrix means __

A

scar/peklat

272
Q

attempt to cope with the difficult situations by going back to his lower level of status

A

regression

273
Q

ability to see object without using the five senses

A

clairvoyance

274
Q

ability to move objects without touching

A

telekinesis

275
Q

control minds of the people

A

psychokinesis

276
Q

biggest thief of time

A

indecision

277
Q

physician specializes in the hearing problem

A

otologist

278
Q

during childbirth, incision may be made between the vagina and the anus to facilitate birth and prevent the tearing of tissue

A

Episiotomy
Perineotomy

279
Q

Stroke is also called ___?

A

Cerebrovascular Disease
Cerebrovascular Accident

280
Q

diastolic figure in the blood pressure rate

A

ventricular relaxation

281
Q

route of administration is by mouth

A

po

282
Q

hs means __?

A

bedtime

283
Q

inches must the RRT stand to create a base of support within the feet when positioning

A

8-12”

284
Q

responsible for the rise and fall of the diaphragm

A

phrenic nerve

285
Q

“epiphysis cerebri”
sleep wake pattern

A

pineal gland

286
Q

“hypophysis”
master gland for metabolism, growth

A

pituitary gland

287
Q

what are the hormones of the thyroid?

A

T3, T4, TSH, Calcitonin

288
Q

what happens to the hormones when the px has hyperthyroidism (grave’s disease)

A

Increased T3, T4
decreaed TSH

289
Q

what happens to the hormones when the px has hypothyroidism

A

decreased T4
increased TSH

290
Q

regurgitation of the acid

A

acid reflux/GERD

291
Q

function of heart chambers valves?

A

prevent blood backflow/regurgitation

292
Q

amount of serous fluid in the pericardium

A

15-50 mL

293
Q

what are the exocrine glands?

A

-lacrimal glands
-salivary glands
-mammary glands
-pancreas
-liver

294
Q

as you grow older, your thymus is ___?

A

converted to fat

295
Q

group of muscles responsible for the eye movements

A

extraocular

296
Q

how to activate the vitamin D underneath the skin?

A

sun exposure

297
Q

acts as a funnel for urine flowing to ureter

A

Renal Pelvis

298
Q

stones in the urinary system that appears white are made up of?

A

calcium

299
Q

stones in the urinary system that appears black are made up of?

A

uric acid

300
Q

what is the difference of stonogram and urogram??

A

stonogram - plain
urogram - contrast study

301
Q

eyes moving in an inward direction

A

esotropia

302
Q

eyes movement going down

A

hypotropia

303
Q

eyes movement going up

A

hypertropia

304
Q

eyes movement in an outward direction

A

exotropia

305
Q

in imaging the PNS, what should be the patient’s position?

A

supine
(to rule out fluid levels)

306
Q

what organism survived radiation?

A

cockroach

307
Q

separates the compartment of tissue

A

epithelial cells

308
Q

earwax is also called ?

A

serumen

309
Q

why does bed-ridden patients develop bedsores/pressure ulcers/decubitus ulcer?

A

due to the accumulation of bacteria in moist/wet areas at the back of the patient because of prolonged lying down

310
Q

even if the patient is bed-ridden, it is a must that patient should still move, in what time interval?

A

every 2 hours

311
Q

vital signs are also called ?

A

cardinal signs

312
Q

how to assess the angle of scoliosis?

A

use of cobb’s angle

313
Q

what should you do if the patient experience anaphylactic shock?

A

place the patient in trendelenburg postion to allow the blood to flow back to the brain

314
Q

inflammation of the vertebrae

A

spondylitis

315
Q

“marble bone disease”
increased density in bone

A

osteopetrosis

316
Q

lateral curvature of the spine

A

scoliosis

317
Q

right lateral curvature of the spine

A

dextroscoliosis

318
Q

brittle bone disease

A

osteogenesis imperfecta

319
Q

medical term for sexual intercourse?

A

coitus

320
Q

coping mechanism wherein you project your stress to other people (ex: shouting at them)

A

displacement

321
Q

coping mechanism where you divert your attention in doing other activities such as sports, gym, doing recreational activities

A

sublimation

322
Q

coping mechanism wherein you generalize your perception of people because of your trauma or previous experience you had with other people and leads you to have difficulty in creating bond with them

A

repression

323
Q

coping mechanism wherein you lower down your status and do your previous habits because it gives you comfort

A

regression

324
Q

“OU” means

A

Both Eyes

325
Q

“OD” means __

A

Right Eye/Once daily

326
Q

“OS” means ___

A

Left Eye

327
Q

Kidney and adrenal glands are protected and covered by a layer of connective tissue

A

Gereto’s Capsule

328
Q

Capsule that covers the liver

A

Glisson’s Capsule

329
Q

this covers the afferent and efferent arterioles

A

Bowman’s Capsule

330
Q

this is an divertulum or outpouching at the neck of GB

A

Hartmann’s pouch

flashrevs (8 decks)

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