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Chemistry C456 > C4 > Flashcards

C4 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an element?

A

Made up of only one kind of atom. All the atoms of an element have the same number of atoms.

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2
Q

How were the elements in the modern periodic table arranged?

A

In order of increasing proton number.

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3
Q

Different elements have different…

A

Proton numbers.

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4
Q

What can you see from looking at the periodic table?

A
  • Relative atomic mass- total number of prtons and neutrons in an atom
  • Symbol and name
  • Atomic(proton) number)
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5
Q

What is an atomic proton number?

A

The number of protons (and number of electrons) in an atom.

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6
Q

How many electrons does Group 1 elements have in its outer shell?

A

1

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7
Q

3 examples of G1 elements?

A

Li, Na, K

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8
Q

How many electrons does Group 7 elements have in its outer shell?

A

7

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9
Q

Which group are diatomic molecules? What is the formula?

A

The halogens (Group 7)- F2, C2,B2 and I2

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10
Q

Halogens are toxic and ________

A

Poisonous

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11
Q

What increases as you go down group 7?

A

Melting and Boiling Points

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12
Q

What precautions should be taken when dealing with halogens?

A

Gloves and glasses and the room should be ventilated.

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13
Q

What is the formula for when halogens react with G1 to form salts?

A

2y + x^2 —–> 2yX X=G7 Y=G1

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14
Q

Do the reactions become more or less vigerous down group 7?Why is this?

A

Less because the outer electrons are further from the nucleus so less attracted so it is harder to gain an electron.

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15
Q

What did scientists identify elements as?

A

Chemicals that couldn’t be broken down.

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16
Q

What does every element in the periodic table have?

A

A set number of protons

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17
Q

Who has the periodic table in triads, where elements where in groups of 3 with similar properties?

A

Doberiener

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18
Q

Who had a periodic table in octets, where every 8th element had similar properties?

A

Newlands

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19
Q

What did Mendeleev realise when arranging the periodic table?

A

That some elements in groups with elements with very different properties.

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20
Q

What did Mendeleev do with elements what still had to be found in the periodic table?

A

Left gaps for them

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21
Q

What did Mendeleev predict about these undiscovered elements?

A

The properties

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22
Q

Was Mendeleev Correct?

A

Yes

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23
Q

What can data in the periodic table be used for?

A

To work out trends and to make predictions.

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24
Q

What do elements emit when they are heated?

A

Coloured flames

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25
Q

What colour does lithium emit?

A

Red

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26
Q

What developed discovery made scientists discover some elements, such as Helium?

A

Spectroscopy

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27
Q

What can the coloured light be split intro?

A

A line spectrum that is unique to each element.

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28
Q

How was Helium discovered?

A

When chemists looked at the line spectrum from the sun.

29
Q

What charges do Protons, Neutrons and Electrons have?

A

Proton- 1 Neutron-0 Electron- -1

30
Q

What masses do Protons, Neutrons and Electrons have?

A

Proton- +1 Neutron-+1 Electron- Almost 0

31
Q

What number on the periodic table tells you the number of protons?

A

the atomic number

32
Q

What number on the periodic table tells you the number of neutrons?

A

the relative formula mass- the atomic number

33
Q

In an atom are the number of protons and electrons are different or the same?

A

the same

34
Q

What do electrons in different shells have different?

A

Energy levels?

35
Q

The closer the electron shell is to the nucleus the…

A

Lower the energy level

36
Q

What happens to the number of electrons in the outer shell as you move across a period?

A

Increases

37
Q

As you move from left to right along a period, elements have…

A

One more proton and one more electron.

38
Q

What trends do you notice as you go across a period?

A

Properties, such as MP.

39
Q

Wahat do group 0 elements have?

A

Full electron shells and are inert

40
Q

What does inert mean?

A

Very reactive

41
Q

Atom rules: The number of electrons in the outer shell of an atom is the…

A

Same as its group number on the PT.

42
Q

Atom rules: Atoms of elements with up to 3 electrons in their outer shell…

A

are metals

43
Q

Atom rules: Atoms of elements with 5 or more electrons in their outer shell are

A

non-metals

44
Q

Atom rules: Elements with full outer shells are the…

A

Inert gases

45
Q

What increases as you go down G1?

A

Reactivity

46
Q

What is the re-activity of G1 elements linked to?

A

the single elctron in the outer shell. They all form ions with 1+ charge by losing an electron.

47
Q

The outer shell is easiest to lose if…

A

The atom is bigger because the electron is further from the nucleus.

48
Q

Do all group 1 elements react with water?

A

Yes

49
Q

What is Lithium and Sodium’s reaction with water?

A

They fizz and move around on the surface.

50
Q

What happens to the reaction with water as you go down Group 1?

A

It gets more violent.

51
Q

What is formed when a G1 metal reacts with Water?

A

Hydrogen

52
Q

What other compound (other than H) is made when a G1 metal reacts with water?

A

a metal hydroxide (OH), which is an alkali- it turns the indicator blue.

53
Q

Group 1 metals are flammable and their hydroxides are…

A

Harmful and corrosive.

54
Q

What is the equation for a G1 element reacting with water?

A

Metal + Water —-> Metal hydroxide + Hydrogen

55
Q

How does Sodium react with Chlorine?

A

Vigorously- giving a yellow flame and makes a white solid (NaCl).

56
Q

How do other G1 metals react with chlorine?

A

Vigorously- gets faster as you go down the group.

57
Q

Sodium + Chlorine —>?

A

Sodium Chloride

58
Q

What is the appearance of chlorine, bromine and iodine at room temp?

A

Chlorine- pale green gas Red- brown liquid Iodine-dark grey solid.

59
Q

What does diatomic molecules mean?

A

That they have 2 atoms joined to each molecule.

60
Q

What also increases as you go down Group 7?

A

BP and MP

61
Q

When does a displacement reaction occur?

A

When a more reactive halogen takes the place of a less reactive halogen in a compound.

62
Q

How many electrons do halogen atoms have in their outer shell?

A

7

63
Q

What are ionic compounds? Give an example.

A

Compounds of a G1 element with a G7 element. (E.g. Sodium Chlroide)

64
Q

ionic compounds are…

A

solids with high MP.

65
Q

Why are these compounds called ionic compounds?

A

they contain charged particles.

66
Q

How are charged particles in ionic compounds arranged?

A

In a crystal lattice.

67
Q

Are ionic compounds soluble in water?

A

Yes

68
Q

Do ionic compounds conduct electricity? Why?

A

Sometimes, but not when solid. This is because the ions must move to the electrodes to complete circuits.

69
Q

What happens to the ions in an ionic crystal when they melt or dissolve?

A

The ions are free to move.

Chemistry C456 (4 decks)

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