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chemistry > C4 > Flashcards

C4 Flashcards

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1
Q

What type of reaction is gaining oxygen?

A

Oxidation reaction

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2
Q

What happens when you react metals with oxygen?

A

-Form metal oxide
-Oxidisation reaction occurs

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3
Q

What is the displacement reaction?

A

A more reactive element will push out (displace)a less reactive element from a compound (displacement reaction)

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4
Q

What does oilrig show?

A

Oxidisation is loss of electrons
Reduction is gain of electrons

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5
Q

What do acids produce in an aqueous solution?

A

Hydrogen ions (H+)

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6
Q

What are bases?

A

Chemicals that can neutralise acid producing a salt and a water

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7
Q

What is an alkali?

A

The base which is soluble in water

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8
Q

What do alkalis produce in aqueous solution?

A

Hydroxide ions (OH-)

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9
Q

What pH are acids?

A

0-6

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10
Q

What pH are alkalines?

A

8-14

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11
Q

What can we use to determine the pH?

A

-PH probe
-Universal indicator

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12
Q

What is the neutralisation equation?

A

(H+)+(OH-) -> H20

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13
Q

What do you all acids contain?

A

Hydrogen

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14
Q

What salt is produced in hydrochloric acid and sulphuric acid?

A

-Hydrochloric acid produces -chloride
-sulphuric acid produces -sulphate

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15
Q

What happens when we react an acid with a base or alkali?

A

We make salt and water

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16
Q

What is a salt?

A

-Salt contains positive ions which come from base or alkali
-Salt also contain a negative iron which come from acid

17
Q

What happens when An acid reacts with a metal carbonate?

A

They make salt, water and carbon dioxide

18
Q

What is another word for splitting acids?

A

Ionising

19
Q

What are strong acids and what are some examples?

A

Strong acids fully ionise in an aqueous solution
Some examples include hydrochloric acid, sulphuric acid, and nitric acid

20
Q

What are weak acids and what are some examples?

A

Weak acids partially ionise in an aqueous solution
Carbonic acid Ethanoic acid and citric acid

21
Q

What is an order of magnitude?

A

Where a pH has a 10 times greater concentration of hydrogen plus (H+)

22
Q

What does the concentration of acid tell us?

A

The concentration of acid in a given volume of solution

23
Q

Can solid ionic, compounds, conduct, electricity

A

No ions are locked in place and can’t move

24
Q

When can an ionic compounds conduct electricity?

A

When is melted or dissolved in water and the ions are free to move (electrolytes)

25
Q

What is the positive electrode in electrolysis?

A

The anode and it lacks electrons

26
Q

What is the negative electrode in electrolysis?

A

Cathode and it’s covered with electrons

27
Q

What occurs at the cathode and anode during electrolysis?

A

The Anode loses electrons (oxidation) the cathode gains electrons (reduction)

28
Q

What is a cryolite used for in electrolysis?

A

Lowers the melting point
Reduces the amount of energy required
Saves money

29
Q

What is the half equation of reduction in aluminium oxide?

A

Al(3) + 3e(-) -> Al

30
Q

What is the half equation of oxidisation in aluminium oxide?

A

O(2-) -> O + 2e(-)

31
Q

Why is electrolysis expensive?

A

Melting, the compounds requires a great amount of energy

a lot of energy is required to produce the electric current

32
Q

When is hydrogen produced at the cathode?

A

If the metal is more reactive than hydrogen, hydrogen is produced

33
Q

What gas do you make at the anode?

A

Oxygen gas is produced, apart from when the halogen is present, then the halogen is produced

34
Q

explain why the positive carbon electrode must be continuously replaced

A

-at high temp, oxygen reacts with electrode
-electrode burns and wears away
-to produce carbon dioxide

chemistry (12 decks)

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