C2 Flashcards
What is ionic bonding?
Ionic bonding is the electrostatic attraction between positive and negative ions
How are ionic compounds held together?
- they are held together in a giant lattice
- regular structure that extends in all directions in a substance
- electrostatic attraction between positive and negative ions holds structure together
How are the particles in a solid arranged?
-vibrate in a fixed position
-regular pattern
-tightly packed
-no space between particles
-low amount of KE
How are the particles in liquid arranged?
- randomly arranged
-move around eachother
-can flow and take shape of the container
-higher KE then a solid
How are particles in gases arranged?
-easy to compress
-randomly arranged
-move very quickly
-flow to fill container
-highest KE
State of the properties of ionic substances
-High melting and boiling point(Strong electrostatic forces between oppositely charged ions)
-Conduct when molten or dissolved in water(ions are free to move)
-Do not conduct electricity when solid
(Ions in fixed positions)
What is a covalent bond?
Covalent bond is a shared pair of electrons between two atoms?
Describe the structure and properties of simple molecular covalent substances?
-Do not conduct electricity
-Small molecules
-Weak intermolecular forces
-Low melting and boiling points
What are polymers?
Polymers are very large molecules with atoms linked by covalent bonds.
What are giant covalent substances,their properties and give examples?
-Solids, atoms covalently bonded together in a giant lattice
-High melting/boiling points - Strong covalent bonds
-Mostly don’t conduct electricity
-Diamond graphite, silicon dioxide
What is the structure and properties of a diamond?
-Each carbon atom is covalently bonded to 4 other carbon atoms
-Strong and diamond has a high melting and boiling point
-Does not conduct electricity(no free ions)
State of the structure and properties of graphite?
-Made up of layers of carbon attached in the hexagons
-Each carbon is bonded to 3 other carbons and has 1 free delocalised electron
What can fullerene be used to do?
Deliver drugs into the body
When does metallic bonding occur?
-Metallic bonding occurs between metals.
-Only positive metal irons are surrounded by a sea of delocalised electrons.
-The ions are tightly packed and arranged in rows.
what colour does universal indicator turn in strong and weak acid
strong acid-red
weak acid-yellow
