C3 - Structure and Bonding - C3.1, C3.2, C3.4, C3.7, C3.8, C3.12 Done Flashcards
What are the 3 states of matter?
Solids, liquids and gases
What is particle theory?
A theory made up of the idea that all matter is made up of tiny particles and describes the movement of these particles and the average distance between them
What happens at the boiling point of a substance?
A liquid turns into a gas
What happens at the melting point of a substance?
A solid turns into a liquid
Why does the temperature temporarily discontinue rising when a substance meets its boiling or melting point?
As all of the particles in that substance must melt or boil before the temperature continues to increase. The energy that otherwise would have been expressed as a rise in temperature is used up to break the bonds of the substance
What is a limitation to the particle model?
As it does not demonstrate the bonds between the particles, not all particles are spherical, atoms are mostly empty space, and so aren’t actually solid at all
What are the elements in Group 0 called?
The noble gases
Why are the elements in Group 0 unreactive?
As they have a stable layout of electrons and full outer layers - resulting in them being less likely to gain or lose them - they are less reactive
What is the ‘sharing’ of electrons called? (Bonding)
Covalent bonding
What is the transfer of electrons called? (Bonding)
Ionic bonding
Why does a neutral atom that loses an electron gain a positive charge?
As an electron has a negative 1 charge (-1), and so the loss of an electron from an atom that would otherwise be neutral would result in an uneven amount of charge => +1
What do metal atoms tend to react with ionically?
Non-metal atoms
Why do two ions that are bonded ionically attract each other?
As if one loses an electron and the other one gains it, then they will have opposing charges, and therefore attract each other
Are giant covalent structures soluble?
No
Describe the boiling and melting points of giant ionic and covalent structures and why they are as such
They both have high melting and boiling points as the ionic structures have strong electromagnetic forces of attraction which have to be overcome, and the covalent structures have molecules that are all intrinsically bonded to each other
