C10 - Organic Reactions - Complete

Question 1

What do all organic molecules contain?

Answer 1

Carbon atoms

Question 2

What is a functional group?

Answer 2

A functional group gives a ‘family’ of organic compounds who share their characteristics reactions, such as the C=C bond in alkenes

Question 3

What is a homologous series?

Answer 3

A ‘family’ of organic compounds with the same functional group is a homologous series

Question 4

What is the general formula of alkenes?

Answer 4

CnH2n

Question 5

Do alkenes have complete or incomplete combustion in air?

Answer 5

Incomplete, giving them a smoker, more yellow flame

Question 6

What makes alkenes more reactive than alkanes?

Answer 6

The C=C bond in them

Question 7

Why do alkenes change the colour of bromine water?

Answer 7

Because they bond to the bromine to form a product which is always colourless

Question 8

What can alkenes react with to make alkanes?

Answer 8

Hydrogen (H2), at 60 Degrees Celsius over a Nickel catalyst

Question 9

What does the reaction of ethene and steam create?

Answer 9

Ethanol

Question 10

What is the functional group of alcohols?

Answer 10

-OH

Question 11

What is the functional group of carboxylic acids?

Answer 11

-COOH

Question 12

What is the functional group of esters?

Answer 12

-COO-

Question 13

Give an example in every day use of a carboxylic acid.

Answer 13

Vinegar

Question 14

What are the prefixes for alkanes?

Answer 14

meth-, eth-, prop-, but-, pent-, hex-, set-, oct-, non-, dec-, etc.

Question 15

What can ethanol be used in?

Answer 15

Alcoholic drinks and biofuels

Question 16

How is ethanol made?

Answer 16

Fermentation or reacting ethene with steam in the presence of a catalyst

Question 17

What property make alcohols good solvents?

Answer 17

The ability of them to dissolve in water to make neutral solutions and they can dissolve other compounds

Question 18

In which products are alcohols used as solvents?

Answer 18

In products such as perfumes, aftershaves, and mouthwashes

Question 19

What is sodium’s reaction in an alcohol?

Answer 19

Strong effervescing of hydrogen, reduced to smaller and smaller until it is fully reacted to make sodium ___oxide. This reaction makes a strongly alkaline solution

Question 20

Causes the vinegar taste when wine or beer is left open for too long?

Answer 20

The solution oxidises in the air and the ethanol turns from ethanol to ethnic acid

Question 21

What do reactions of a metal with carboxylic acids create?

Answer 21

A metal salt, water and carbon dioxide

Question 22

Are carboxylic acids strong or weak acids?

Answer 22

Weak acids

Question 23

Why are carboxylic acids weak?

Answer 23

As they do not ionic as much in water and often stay in their same formula. This means that less H+ ions are released from them, making them less acidic

Question 24

What is formed when carboxylic acids and alcohols react (all products) and over what conditions?

Answer 24

Esters and water, it is normally done of an acid catalyst - most often sulphuric acid

Question 25

What are esters used in?

Answer 25

Perfumes and food flavourings