C10 - Organic Reactions - Complete Flashcards
What do all organic molecules contain?
Carbon atoms
What is a functional group?
A functional group gives a ‘family’ of organic compounds who share their characteristics reactions, such as the C=C bond in alkenes
What is a homologous series?
A ‘family’ of organic compounds with the same functional group is a homologous series
What is the general formula of alkenes?
CnH2n
Do alkenes have complete or incomplete combustion in air?
Incomplete, giving them a smoker, more yellow flame
What makes alkenes more reactive than alkanes?
The C=C bond in them
Why do alkenes change the colour of bromine water?
Because they bond to the bromine to form a product which is always colourless
What can alkenes react with to make alkanes?
Hydrogen (H2), at 60 Degrees Celsius over a Nickel catalyst
What does the reaction of ethene and steam create?
Ethanol
What is the functional group of alcohols?
-OH
What is the functional group of carboxylic acids?
-COOH
What is the functional group of esters?
-COO-
Give an example in every day use of a carboxylic acid.
Vinegar
What are the prefixes for alkanes?
meth-, eth-, prop-, but-, pent-, hex-, set-, oct-, non-, dec-, etc.
What can ethanol be used in?
Alcoholic drinks and biofuels
How is ethanol made?
Fermentation or reacting ethene with steam in the presence of a catalyst
What property make alcohols good solvents?
The ability of them to dissolve in water to make neutral solutions and they can dissolve other compounds
In which products are alcohols used as solvents?
In products such as perfumes, aftershaves, and mouthwashes
What is sodium’s reaction in an alcohol?
Strong effervescing of hydrogen, reduced to smaller and smaller until it is fully reacted to make sodium ___oxide. This reaction makes a strongly alkaline solution
Causes the vinegar taste when wine or beer is left open for too long?
The solution oxidises in the air and the ethanol turns from ethanol to ethnic acid
What do reactions of a metal with carboxylic acids create?
A metal salt, water and carbon dioxide
Are carboxylic acids strong or weak acids?
Weak acids
Why are carboxylic acids weak?
As they do not ionic as much in water and often stay in their same formula. This means that less H+ ions are released from them, making them less acidic
What is formed when carboxylic acids and alcohols react (all products) and over what conditions?
Esters and water, it is normally done of an acid catalyst - most often sulphuric acid
What are esters used in?
Perfumes and food flavourings
