C1 - Atomic Structure - Complete Flashcards
What are all substances made up of?
Atoms
Where can you find all the elements organised?
The Periodic Table
How are the elements organised in The Periodic Table
Into rows and groups of elements with similar properties
What is an element?
A substance with only one type of atom
What is a compound?
A substance with more than one type of atom
What is impossible in a chemical reaction? (In terms of creation)
No new atoms can be created and none can be destroyed - like energy
What are the state symbols?
Symbols in an equation that show what state the substance is in, they are: (g) for gas, (s) for solids, (l) for liquids, and (aq) for aqueous solutions
What is a mixture?
A solution made up of two or more substance that are not chemically combined to each other
Give 2 ways mixtures can be separated by physical means
Filtration, crystallisation, simple distillation, chromatography, fractional distillation, and separation
Why does fractional distillation work?
Due to the different boiling points of the substances being separated
What is fractional distillation?
The heating of a mixture to its boiling point, whereby the substance with the lower boiling point evaporates and passes through a leibig condenser and condenses into a separate beaker
What does chromatography do?
Separates different substances that have been dissolved in a solvent
Who posed key ideas towards the structure of the atom?
Dalton, Thompson, Rutherford and Bohr
What masses do electrons, neutrons and protons have?
Electrons: tiny, imperceptible / Neutrons: 1 / Protons 1
What charges do electrons, neutrons and protons have?
Electrons: -1 / Neutrons: 0 / Protons: +1
