C3-structure And Bonding

Question 1

When atoms react what are they trying to achieve

Answer 1

When atoms react they are trying to achieve a full outer energy level and gain the structure of a noble gas

Question 2

What happens during ionic bonding

Answer 2

During ionic bonding a metal and a non metal react together

Question 3

What ions are formed when a group 7 metal and a group one metal react

Answer 3

When a group 1 metal reacts with a group 7 metal the group 1 metal loses an electron and becomes a positivley charged ion

The group 7 ion gains an electron and becomes a negativley charged ion

Question 4

What happens to ionoc compounds when they form giantic ionic lattices

Answer 4

Ionic coumpounds form giant structures called ionic lattices which are made up of negative and positive ions next to each other

Question 5

What are the electrostatic forces of attractions like in these ionic compounds

Answer 5

• Ionic compounds have very strong forces of attraction between the negative ions and the positive ions. These forces of attraction help to keep the ionic structure in place .

Question 6

Descrube the melting points in ionic lattices

Answer 6

Ionic lattices have very high melting and boiling points because the strong electrostatic forces of attraction take alot of heat energy to break

Question 7

Can ionic compounds conduct electricity in a solid state

Answer 7

Ionic compounds cannot conduct electricity as the electrostatic forces of attraction lock the ions in place and mean they cant move around and conduct electricty

Question 8

What happens to the ions in a dissolved or molten ionic compoind

Answer 8

Ions in a dissolved or molten ionic compound are free to move and conduct electricity

Question 9

What is covalent bonding

Answer 9

Covalent bonding happens between two non metal elements

It is where they share a pair of electrons

Question 10

What is a covalent bond

Answer 10

A covalent bond is a shared pair of electrons between two atoms

Question 11

What sort of melting and boiling points do simple covalent structures have

Answer 11

Simple covalent structures have low melting and boiling points because there are weak intermolecular forces of attraction between the molecules so it does not require alot of energy to break them

Question 12

What happens to the melting and boiling points of the structures as they increase in size

Answer 12

As the size of the simple covalent molecules increase so do the melting and boiling points because there are stronger intermolecular forces of attraction

Question 13

Do simple covalent molecules conduct electricity?

Answer 13

Simple covalent molecules do not conduct electricity because they have no overall electric charge

Question 14

What do metals consist of

Answer 14

Metals consist of giant structure of atoms arranged in regular layers

Question 15

What happens to the outer electrons in a metal

Answer 15

In a metal the electrons in the outer shell are free to move , they are delocalised and when many metal atoms come together they form a sea of delocalised electrons

Question 16

What are metallic bonds

Answer 16

Metallic bonds are the strong electrostatic forces of attraction between the negatively charged electrons and the positive metal atoms .

Question 17

Can metals conduct heat and electricity

Answer 17

Metals can conduct heat and electricity because the electrons are free to move and carry charge. The electrons can carry electric charge and the electrons also can carry thermal energy which means they can conduct heat and electricity

Question 18

Describe the melting and boiling points in metals

Answer 18

Metals have very high melting and boiling points because the strong electrostatic forces of attraction(metallic bonds) require lots of energy to break

Question 19

What is another key property of metals

Answer 19

Metals are malleable and can be bent and shaped because the layers in a metal atom can slide over eacg kther

Question 20

What is an alloy

Answer 20

An alloy is a metal blended with other elements , it is a mixture

Question 21

Why are alloys harder than pure metals

Answer 21

Alloys are harder than pure metals because they consist of atoms of many different sizes. The disrupts the layers of metals and stops them sliding over each other- making them harder

Question 22

What are the positives and negatives of dot and cross diagrams

Answer 22

Dot and cross diagrams show which electrons have come from which atoms in a molecule

But they do not show the relative sizes of atoms or how they are arranged

Question 23

What are the positives and negatives of displayed formula

Answer 23

Displayed formula shows the connections between atoms in larger molecules

But they do not show the 3D structure of the atom or which electrons have come from which atoms in the covalent bond

Question 24

What are the positives and negatives of 3D models

Answer 24

3D models show the atoms, the covalent bonds and the arrangement of atoms

-They do not show where the electrons in the bonds come from and can become confusing for larger molecules