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Chemistry > C3-Structure And Bonding > Flashcards

C3-Structure And Bonding Flashcards

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1
Q

What is covalent bonding

A

Between 2 non metals
Electrons are shared between the atoms so they have a full outer shell
They are strong and require alot of energy to break

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2
Q

Describe a covalent double bond

A

If an atom needs 2 electrons to complete its outer shell, it shares 2 electrons per atom to make a double bond

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3
Q

Why is a covalent bond strong

A

There is an attraction between the electrons and the positively charged nucleus

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4
Q

What is a molecule

A

A substance which contains two or more covalently bonded atoms

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5
Q

What is a lone pair

A

A pair of electrons thst are not part of the covalent bond

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6
Q

What are the properties of a simple covalent compound

A

Low melting point
Often gases at room temperature

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7
Q

What is the difference between the covalent bonds and intermolecular forces in simple covalent compounds

A

Covalent bonds are very strong
Intermolecular forces are weak

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8
Q

What is an ion

A

An atom with a positive or negative charge due to loss or gain of electrons

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9
Q

What is an ionic bond

A

A bond formed by the electrostatic attraction of oppositely charged ion

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10
Q

What is electrostatic

A

The force between a positive and negative charge

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11
Q

How does an ionic bond form

A

Electrons from outer shell of metal are transferred to the non metal atom
Metal is positive, non metal in negative
There is now an electrostatic force between them which forms an ionic bond

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12
Q

Describe an ionic lattice structure

A

Ionic compound have giant ionic lattices in which there are strong electrostatic forces of attraction in all directions between oppositely charged ions

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13
Q

Describe the properties of ionic compounds

A

High melting points due to strong electrostatic forces between oppositely charged ions-alot of energy is required to break them
Does not conduct electricity as a solid
Do conduct electricity is they are aqueous or liquid as ions are free to move

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14
Q

Properties of covalent compounds

A

Size of intermolecular force gets bigger as the molecules get larger
Do not conduct electricity as they have no free electrons to carry the charge

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15
Q

What is a polymer

A

A very large molecule made from monomers
Large covalent compounds

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16
Q

Properties of polymers

A

Higher melting points than smaller covalent compounds as intermolecular bonds are stronger
Bonds are not as strong as ionic or giant covalent compounds so melting points are lower than those compounds

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17
Q

What is metallic bonding

A

A type of binding that only occurs in metals

18
Q

What is the structure of a metallic bond

A

Giant structure
Metal atoms form a regular pattern
Donate outer electrons to sea of demoralised electrons

19
Q

What are the properties of metals

A

Good conductors of electricity due to delocalised electrons that carry charge
Good conductors of heat, free electrons carry energy
Malleable as the layers of ions can easily slid rover one another

20
Q

What is an alloy

A

Mixture of 2 or more elements, one of which is a metal

21
Q

Describe the structure of an alloy

A

The regular structure of metal is changed so the layers of ions can no longer slide over one another making it stronger

22
Q

What is the order of the reactivity series

A

Please- Potassium
Send-Sodium
Lions-Lithium
Cats-Calcium
Monkeys-Magnesium
And-Aluminium
Zebras-Zinc
Into-Iron
Lovely-Lead
Hot-Hydrogen
Countries-Copper
Signed-Silver
General-Gold
Penguin-Platinum

23
Q

What are the 3 giant covalent compounds

A

Diamond
Graphite
Silica

24
Q

Describe diamond

A

Each carbon is covalently bonded to 4 other carbons
Very hard
Very high melting point due to strong covalent bonds
Does not conduct electricity-no free electrons

25
Q

Describe graphite

A

Each carbon is covalently bonded to 3 other carbons
There are weak bonds between the layers
Hight melting point
Conductor of electricity due to delocalised electrons which carry charge
Slippery as layers can slide over eachother

26
Q

Describe silica

A

Every silicon atom is bonded to 3 oxygen atoms and vice versa
High melting point

27
Q

What is graphene

A

A single layer of graphite
1 atom thick

28
Q

What are fullerenes

A

Molecules of carbon with hollow shapes

29
Q

What are the uses of fullerenes

A

Drug delivery
Catalysts

30
Q

What are carbon nanotubes

A

Cylinder shapes fullerenes
Strong
Good conductors of heat/electricity

31
Q

What is a nonoparticle

A

A particle between 1nm and 100nm in diameter
Extremely large surface area

32
Q

Catalyst

A

A substance which speeds up a reaction, by providing an alternate pathway, without being used up

33
Q

What are the potential applications of nanoparticles in medicine

A

Targeted delivery of drugs-more easily absorbed, could be used to deliver drugs to specific tissues
Making synthetic skin

34
Q

What are the other uses of nanoparticles

A

Silver nanoparticles have antibacterial properties
Some nanoparticles are electrical conductors
Can be used in cosmetics to make them less oily
Used in sun creams-provide better UV protection than conventional sun creams

35
Q

What are the dangers of nanomaterials

A

Long term affects on the body have not been well researched
When used in suncream nanoparticles are absorbed through the skin

36
Q

what does a dot and cross diagram show

A

How electrons are transferred
It does not show the 3D of an ionic compound or that it is a giant compound

37
Q

What does the 2D ball and stick model of ionic bonding show

A

The electrostatic forces that happen between oppositely charged ions in an ionic compound
But it does not show the 3D structure of an ionic compound

38
Q

What does the 3D ball and stick model of ionic bonding show

A

The 3D structure of the ionic lattice and how different ions interact with other ions in all directions to create an ionic lattice

39
Q

Describe the particles in a solid

A

They vibrate around a fixed position
Strong force of attraction between each particle
Very close together

40
Q

Describe the particles in a liquid

A

Close together but can move in any direction
Wont keep a fixed shape like solids do

41
Q

Describe the particles in a gas

A

Particles are very far apart
Move randomly in all directions
Often collide with each other

Chemistry (8 decks)

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