C2-The Periodic Table Flashcards
What is an isotope
Two atoms with the same number of protons and electrons but different number of neutrons
What is a metal
An element which loses electrons to form a positive charge
What is a non metal
An element which gains electrons to form a negative charge
What is an ion
An element with a positive or negative charge
What are the physical and chemical properties and the trends in group 1 (alkali metals)
Soft, low density, react vigorously in water releasing hydrogen, more reactive as you go down, outermost electron further from nucleus so easier to lose
What are the physical and chemical properties and the trends in group 7 (halogens)
Low melting point, exist as a pair (diatomic), react with group one metals to form compounds , can carry out displacement reactions, higher melting point as you go down the group, less reactive as you go down the group
What are the physical and chemical properties and trends of group 8 (noble gases)
Low melting/boiling point, 8 electrons in outer shell, unreactive as they have a full outer shell, higher melting/boiling point as you go down due to increase in density
Name the properties of transition metals
Good conductor
High melting point
High density
Very malleable
Hard/strong
Coloured compounds
Used as catalysts
Used for wires and pipes
How do transition metals differ from group one
They can form multiple different ions
Who was John Dalton
Arranged elements in order of their atomic mass
Who was Henry Mosely
First organised elements using atomic number instead of mass
Who was Dmitri Mendeleev
Father of the periodic table
Arranged them by atomic mass
Then discovered similarities in some element so placed them in groups based on reactivity
Who was John Newlands
Law of octaves
Found similar properties but assumed all elements had been found
who was Johanne Dobreiner
attempted to order elements
Found some similarities
