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Chemistry > C3 Quantitative Chemistry > Flashcards

C3 Quantitative Chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

What is activation energy?

A

The minimum amount of energy required for a reaction to happen

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2
Q

What is a catalyst?

A

A chemical which speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction without being used up. They lower the amount of activation energy needed. They provide an alternate energetic pathway.

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3
Q

What is equilibrium?

A

The balance of the forward and backward reaction

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4
Q

What is equilibrium to the left?

A

The backward direction is favoured. The backward direction has a faster rate.

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5
Q

What is equilibrium in the middle?

A

Forward and backward reactions are happening at the same rate.

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6
Q

What is equilibrium to the right?

A

The forward reaction is favoured. The forward reaction has a faster rate.

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7
Q

What is the Haber process?

A

200 atmospheres pressure
200 - 250 degrees
Uses iron as a catalyst

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8
Q

What is Le Chatelier’s principle?

A

Different conditions will affect the equilibrium point.
Temperature - higher temperature favours endothermic reaction
Concentration- higher reactant concentration favours forward direction
Pressure - higher pressure favours side that makes fewer molecules

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9
Q

What is RAM?

A

The mass of one atom of an element

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10
Q

What is RFM?

A

Relative formula mass - mass of a molecule

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11
Q

How do you work out percentage composition by mass?

A

We can work out what percentage of a compound is a certain element using % mass = RFM of an element/ RFM of the molecule x100

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12
Q

When would it appear that a reaction loses mass?

A

When a gas is produced

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13
Q

When would it appear that a reaction gains mass?

A

When oxygen in the air is involved

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14
Q

What is percentage yield?

A

Mass produced x 100/ expected mass
How much do you make compared to how much you predicted

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15
Q

How can yield be reduced?

A

Product escapes
Product is left behind
Practical losses from pouring etc
Reaction is incomplete

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16
Q

What is a mole?

A

6.02 x 10^23 particles

17
Q

What is Avogadro’s constant?

A

1 mole = 6.02 x 10^23 particles

18
Q

What is the reacting masses calculation?

A

Mass = Mr x moles

19
Q

What do you write down the side of a reacting masses calculation?

A

Mass
Mr
Moles
Ratio

20
Q

What are molar ratios?

A

Balancing equations tells you how many moles there are of a substance. Balancing number = number of moles.

21
Q

How can we use moles to balance equations?

A

Equation
Mass
Mr
Mole
Ratio
Simplify - divide by smallest number of

22
Q

What is excess?

A

When any chemical reaction occurs, we will tend to have more of one of the reactants than we need.

23
Q

What is limiting?

A

One reactant will be completely used up.

24
Q

What do we write down the side of a limiting reactants question?

A

Mass
Mr
Moles
Ratio
I have
I need
I have
So

25
Q

What is concentration?

A

How much solute is dissolved in a solvent

26
Q

What is concentration measured in? (2)

A

g/dm^3
mol/dm^3

27
Q

What is the concentration calculation?

A

Mass or moles/ volume

28
Q

What is titration?

A

A measured neutralisation calculation

29
Q

Who was Newland?

A

Octaves, ordered elements by mass using patterns

30
Q

What is gaining electrons?

A

Reduction

31
Q

What is losing electrons?

A

Oxidation

32
Q

What is the gas volumes law?

A

Equal amounts in moles of gases occupy the same volume under the same conditions of temperature and pressure.

33
Q

What is the volume of one gas at room temperature and pressure?

A

24dm^3

34
Q

What is the volume of gas calculation?

A

Volume = number of moles x 24

35
Q

What do you write down the side of a titration calculation?

A

Concentration
Volume
Dm^3
No of moles
Ratio

36
Q

What is atom economy?

A

A measure of the amount of starting materials that end up as useful products.

37
Q

Why is it important to have high atom economy?

A

Sustainable development, economic reasons

38
Q

How do you calculate atom economy?

A

RFM of desired product/ sum of all formula masses of the reactants x 100

Chemistry (15 decks)

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