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Chemistry > C2 Structure And Bonding > Flashcards

C2 Structure And Bonding Flashcards

1
Q

What is an ionic compound?

A

Electrons are transferred from a metal to a non metal

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2
Q

How are ions held together?

A

Electrostatic attraction

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3
Q

What happens when the difference in charge increases?

A

The attraction is stronger

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4
Q

What are properties of ionic compounds?

A

High melting and boiling points, giant ionic lattice, brittle, layers can move causing repulsion, conduct if molten or dissolved

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5
Q

What is metallic bonding?

A

Between a metal and another metal

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6
Q

What are the properties of metallic bonds?

A

High mp/bp, conducts electricity, good conductors, malleable, ductile, sonorous

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7
Q

How do electrons behave in metallic bonding?

A

Sea of delocalised electrons

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8
Q

What is an alloy?

A

Layers are disorganised and cannot slide, metal mixed in with something else

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9
Q

How do metals behave?

A

Layers are organised and can slide

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10
Q

What is the charge of a hydroxide ion?

A

OH-

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11
Q

What is the charge of a sulfate ion?

A

SO4 2-

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12
Q

What is the charge of a nitrate ion?

A

NO3 -

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13
Q

What is the charge of a carbonate ion?

A

CO3 2-

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14
Q

What is the charge of an ammonium ion?

A

NH4 +

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15
Q

What are limitations of dot and cross diagrams?

A

Doesn’t show 3D ionic lattice structure, doesn’t show shape of molecule, doesn’t show relative size of atoms and bonds

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16
Q

What are limitations of ball and stick diagrams?

A

Using sticks for bonds is misleading because forces of attraction between ions act in all directions, doesn’t show movement of electrons

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17
Q

What are limitations of 2D diagrams?

A

Doesn’t show where ions are located on other layers, doesn’t illustrate relative sizes of atoms and bonds

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18
Q

What are limitations of 3D diagrams?

A

Not to scale, no information about forces of attraction

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19
Q

What is a covalent bond?

A

Between 2 or more non-metals. Electrons are shared.

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20
Q

What is 1 covalent bond?

A

2 shared electrons

21
Q

How many electrons are in the first shell?

22
Q

How many electors are in the second shell?

23
Q

What are the 3 different representations of covalent bond?

A

Dot and cross
Ball and stick
Displayed formula

24
Q

What is a molecule?

A

A group of atoms covalentes bonded together

25
Q

What are the properties of simple covalent molecules?

A

Low mp/ bp
Do not conduct electricity

26
Q

Why do simple covalent molecules have a low mp/ bp?

A

Weak forces of attraction between molecules

27
Q

What are the properties of diamond?

A

Hard, high mp, high bp, will not conduct

28
Q

How many covalent bonds does diamond have?

29
Q

What is diamond an allotrope of?

30
Q

What are the properties of silicon dioxide?

A

Quite hard, lower mp and bp than diamond, will not conduct

31
Q

How many covalent bonds does silicon dioxide have?

32
Q

What are the properties of graphite?

A

Layered structure, with 3 covalent bonds, high mp, bp, will conduct, soft, layers slide

33
Q

What are uses of graphite?

A

In pencils, lubricant, in batteries and electrodes, in solar panels

34
Q

What are carbon nanotubes?

A

Made of carbon atoms rolled up in a cylinder, very strong and tough, mechanically useful, 1/100 of a human hair, stronger than steel, can be used as yarn

35
Q

What are the properties of carbon nanotubes?

A

High conductivity, high mp and bp

36
Q

What are uses of carbon nanotubes?

A

In batteries, electrodes, to repair heart tissue, to make artificial muscle, destroy breast cancer tumours, to make sponges

37
Q

What is metallic bonding?

A

Between metals and metals

38
Q

What are the properties of metallic bonds?

A

High mp, bp, good conductors, ductile, malleable, sonorous

39
Q

What is graphene?

A

One layer of graphite

40
Q

What is a polymer?

A

Lots of small chemicals joined together in a big chain

41
Q

What are the properties of polymers?

A

Because they are so long they have different properties

42
Q

Do polymers have strong or weak attractions?

A

Lots of weak attractions add up

43
Q

What are the properties of polymers?

A

Higher melting points than expected

44
Q

How small is nano?

A

1 x 10^-9m

45
Q

What is nano silver?

A

Very small particles of silver with antibacterial properties,

46
Q

What are fullerenes?

A

Allotrope of carbon, has giant covalent properties on its own, but acts as a soft lubricant when thee are lots of them

47
Q

What was the first fullerene to be discovered?

A

C60 Buckminster fullerene (hollow cage like a football)

48
Q

What are uses of fullerenes?

A

Can put medicines and chemicals inside

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