C2f - Acids and bases

Question 1

Describe indicators(3)

Answer 1

use colour change to show changes in pH

change can be sudden (litmus, phenolphthalein) or gradual (universal)

colour changes over different pH ranges (litmus, phenolphthalein small range, universal wide)

Question 2

What determines the pH of an acid

Answer 2

the concentration of H+ ion

Question 3

Word equation for neutralisation

Answer 3

acid + base –> salt + water

Question 4

Why is an acid neturalised by an alkali? (4)

Answer 4

acids contain H+

alkalis contain OH–

these react together in neutralisation reactions to produce water (neutral)

H+ + OH– H2O

Question 5

Explain why metal oxides and metal hydroxides neutralise acids

Answer 5

they are bases so they neutralise acids to form a neutral salt and water

Question 6

General word equation for metal hydroxide + acid

Answer 6

metal hydroxide + acid –> a salt + water

Question 7

General word equation for carbonate + acid

Answer 7

carbonate + acid –> a salt + water + carbon dioxide

Question 8

General word equation for ammonia + acid

Answer 8

acid + ammonia –> ammonium salt

Question 9

What is the second part of the salt name if a base reacts with nitric acid

Answer 9

sulfate

Question 10

What is the second part of the salt name if a base reacts with nitricacid

Answer 10

nitrate

Question 11

What is the second part of the salt name if a base reacts with hydrochloric acid

Answer 11

chloride

Question 12

What is the second part of the salt name if a base reacts with phosporic acid

Answer 12

phosphate

Question 13

Word equation for the reaction between hydrochloric acid and copper carbonate

Answer 13

hydrochloric acid + copper carbonate –> copper chloride + water + carbon dioxide

Question 14

Balanced symbol equation for the reaction between hydrochloric acid and copper carbonate

Answer 14

HCl + CuCO3 –> CuCl2 + H2O + CO2