C26 - Carbonyl chemistry Flashcards
What is Sodium Tetrahydraborate (NaBH4) very good at?
Being a reducing agent
What is the nucleophile when turning an aldehyde, ketone or an acid chloride into an alcohol?
A hydride ion (H⁻)
How can esters be formed?
A condensation reaction between a carboxylic acid and an alcohol
How does the nomenclature of an ester work?
Alcohol then carboxylic acid (will be an -oate) e.g. Methyl ethanoate
What is the catalyst when hydrogenation occurs?
Nickel
How is soap made?
A triglyceride and 3 NaOH
Ester bond is broken and forms a glycerol and 3 sodium salts
How is biodiesel made?
A triglyceride and 3 Methanol (CH3OH)
Ester bond is broken and forms a glycerol and 3 methyl esters form
What is the nomenclature of acid chlorides?
Acid chlorides are named with the suffix –oyl; the term chloride is also added
E.g. ethanoyl chloride
How can acid anhydrides be prepared?
Acid anhydrides are prepared by the reaction of two molecules of a carboxylic acid in a condensation reaction
What is the nomenclature of acid anhydrides?
The acyl group is named after the carboxylic acid with the suffix –oic; the term anhydride is also added
E.g. ethanoic anhydride
How do addition-elimination reactions occur?
A nucleophile attacks the carbon
The C=O becomes C-O
The C=O then reforms and the leaving group is removed. This could be chlorine in an acid chloride for example
Why are acid anhydrides preferred in addition elimination reactions?
Acid anhydrides tend to be preferred as it is cheaper to be produced and HCl is not produced which is reactive
