C23 - Transition metals Flashcards
What are transition metals?
Transition metal elements are d block elements that can form at least one stable ion with an incomplete d sub-level
Why are Scandium and Zinc not transition metals?
None of their ions have an incomplete sub-level
What is a ligand?
A ligand is any atom, ion or molecule which can donate a pair of electrons to a metal ion. Ligands are Lewis bases and nucleophiles, amphoteric
What name is given to ligands that form a single coordinate bond?
Unidentate or monodentate
What name is given to ligands that form 2 coordinate bonds?
Bidentate
What name is given to ligands that form more than 2 coordinate bonds?
Multidentate
What is the name given to a water ligand in complex?
aqua
What is the name given to an ammonia ligand in complex?
ammine
What is the name given to an OH- ligand in complex?
hydroxo
What is the name given to a CN- ligand in complex?
cyano
What is the coordination number?
The number of coordinate bonds to the metal ion
Why do transition metals form coloured compounds?
They absorb some wavelengths of light to promote/excite electrons in d-orbitals with the remaining colours/energies of light reflected to give colour seen
What is the equation for the change in energy?
Change in energy = (Planck’s constant) x (frequency of light)
What is the equation for the frequency of light?
Frequency of light = speed of light / wavelength
What happens in the reaction with a complex that has a 2+ metal ion and a carbonate?
It is a displacement reaction
What is the colour of Fe2+ and what coloured ppts does it form?
Green and green ppts
What is the colour of Cu2+ and what coloured ppts does it form?
Blue and blue ppt apart from green with carbonate
What is the colour of Al3+ and what coloured ppts does it form?
Colourless and white ppt
What is the colour of Fe3+ and what coloured ppts does it form?
Yellow and brown ppt
What is ligand substitution?
A ligand substitution reaction occurs when a ligand in a complex ion is replaced by another type of ligand molecule
