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Chemistry > C2.2 > Flashcards

C2.2 Flashcards

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1
Q

How is an ion formed?

A

When an atom looses or gains an electron during a chemical reaction

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2
Q

What is a cation?

A

When a metal atom loses an electron it becomes a positively charged ion called a cation

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3
Q

How many electrons are lost when a cation is formed?

A

The same number as the group number eg. An atom of an element in group 1 would lose 1 electron

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4
Q

What is an anion?

A

When a non metal gains electrons to become a negatively charged ion it is an anion

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5
Q

Why does a cation lose its electrons on the outermost shell?

A

To get rid of the outermost shell

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6
Q

Why does an anion gain electrons to its outermost shell ?

A

To complete its outermost shell

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7
Q

How many electrons can an atom gain to become an anion?

A

8-The number of electrons in the outermost shell

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8
Q

How do ionic bonds form?

A

When two oppositely charged ions attract each other they combine with ionic bonds connecting them together

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9
Q

How many elements do ionic compounds contain?

A

1

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10
Q

How many elements do compound ions contain?

A

More than 1

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11
Q

What is the difference between “ide” ending products and “ate”ending products?

A

“Ide” ending products don’t contain oxygen when “ate” ending products do contain oxygen

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12
Q

How are ions in an ionic compound arranged?

A

In a regular way called a lattice structure

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13
Q

When do ionic substances conduct electricity?

A

When they are molten and when they are in aqueous solution

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14
Q

What is an ion?

A

An atom or a group of atoms with a positive or negative charge

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15
Q

Which two conditions must be met for a substance to conduct electricity?

A

It must contain charged particle and these particles must be free to move around.

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16
Q

Why can ionic compounds only conduct electricity when molten or in an aqueous solution and not when solid?

A

The particles in an ionic substance are charged (ions) but when solid they are not free to move, only when molten or in an aqueous solution.

17
Q

What is melting point?

A

The temperature at which a substance turns form a solid to a liquid

18
Q

What is boiling point?

A

The temperature at which a liquid turns into a gas at its fastest possible rate

19
Q

What are ionic substances melting and boiling points, high, medium or low?

A

High

20
Q

What makes something soluble?

A

If it dissolves well in a particular liquid

21
Q

What makes something insoluble?

A

If it does not dissolve well in a particular liquid

22
Q

How is a salt made?

A

By reacting an acid with an alkali

23
Q

What is a precipitation reaction?

A

A reaction in which two soluble substance produce an insoluble solid

24
Q

What is a precipitate?

A

An insoluble solid formed in a precipitation reaction

25
Q

What is filtration?

A

When a precipitate is separated from the unrelated ions in a solution

26
Q

What type of test is carried out on ionic substances?

A

Flame tests

27
Q

What colour flame does sodium produce?

A

Yellow

28
Q

What colour flame does potassium produce?

A

Lilac

29
Q

What colour flame does calcium produce?

A

Red

30
Q

What colour flame does copper produce?

A

Green-blue

31
Q

Describe the precipitation test for chloride ions:

A
  • add nitric acid to the sample
  • shake it
  • add a few drops of silver nitrate
  • a white precipitate of silver chloride will form if chloride ions were present in the sample
32
Q

Describe the precipitation test for sulphur ions:

A
  • add a few drops of dilute hydrochloride acid acid to sample
  • shake
  • add a few drops of barium chloride solution
  • a white precipitate of baptism sulphate forms if sulphur ions were present in the sample solution
33
Q

Describe the test for carbonate ions:

A
  • add acid to sample solution
  • collect gas given off
  • bubble gas given off through lime water
  • if lime water turn milked then carbonate ions were present in sample solution

Chemistry (6 decks)

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