C2.1.4 - Filtration and Crystallisation Flashcards
What is a solution?
A substance formed when one substance dissolves in another
What is the name given to the substance that dissolves?
Solute
What is the name given that the substance is dissolved into?
The so,vent
What happens to the particles of a solute when it dissolves?
It’s particles separate and completely mix with the particles of the solvent
Define ‘soluble’, ‘insoluble’ and ‘solubility’
Soluble - a term used to describe a substance that can be dissolved
Insoluble - a term used to describe a substance that cannot be dissolved
Solubility - the measure of how well a substance can dissolve
What does filtration do?
Filtration separates an insoluble substance in the solid state from a liquid state
How does filtration work?
Since filter paper has very small microscopic holes, the liquid molecules are small enough to pass through the filter paper, but the larger solid particles aren’t
Can you filter a solution?
No, because the solute’s particles are mixed with the liquid’s so it will be able to go through
What is the residue?
The left over solid particles that were unable to get through the filter paper
What is the filtrate?
The filtrate is the substance that was able to go through the fi,tee paper
What is the key apparatus for filtration?
Funnel
Filter paper
Container (ideally a conical flask)
What happens when you heat a solution?
The solvent will evaporate leaving the solute behind
What happens if you heat a solution too strongly?
You will get a powder
What happens if you heat a solvent slowly?
The solvent will evaporate slowly leaving regularly shaped crystals
When do you stop heating the solution during crystallisation?
When it becomes a saturated solution
