C2 - The Periodic Table

Question 1

What is an alkali metal?

Answer 1

elements in Group 1 of the periodic table

Question 2

What are halogens?

Answer 2

elements in Group 7 of the periodic table

Question 3

What is a transition element?

Answer 3

elements form the central block of the periodic table

Question 4

What is universal indicator?

Answer 4

a mixture of indicators that that can change colour through a range of colours to show how strongly acidic or alkaline liquids and solutions are

Question 5

What are the noble gases

Answer 5

Elements in group 0

Question 6

How are elements arranged in the periodic table?

Answer 6

Elements are arranged in vertical groups and horizontal periods

Question 7

Why is it called the periodic table?

Answer 7

Because similar properties occur at regular intervals

Question 8

What do elements in the same group have in common?

Answer 8

They have the same number of electrons in the valence shell and this gives them similar chemical properties

Question 9

Elements that react to from positive ions (lose electrons) are…

Answer 9

Metals

Question 10

alkali metals are ………… at room temperature

Answer 10

soft solids

Question 11

alkali metals are extremely ……….

Answer 11

reactive

Question 12

alkali metals have …….. densities

Answer 12

low

Question 13

alkali metals have …….. melting and boiling points

Answer 13

low

Question 14

alkali metals have melting and boiling points that ………. as you go down the group

Answer 14

decrease

Question 15

alkali metals need to be kept in oil because………

Answer 15

They react with oxygen

Question 16

reactivity ………. as you go down the alkali metals

Answer 16

increases

Question 17

Why are alkali metals reactive?

Answer 17

they only have 1 electron in their outer shell and therefore only need to lose 1 electron to have a stable outer shell

Question 18

density ……….. as you go down the alkali metals

Answer 18

increases

Question 19

give the balanced chemical equation for Lithium reacting with Oxygen (lithium Oxide)

Answer 19

4Li(s) + O₂(g) -> 2Li₂O(s)

Question 20

give the balanced chemical equation for Sodium reacting with Oxygen (Sodium Oxide)

Answer 20

4Na(s) + O₂(g) -> 2Na₂O(s)

Question 21

give the balanced chemical equation for Potassium reacting with Oxygen (Potassium Oxide)

Answer 21

4K(s) + O₂(g) -> 2K₂O(s)

Question 22

give the balanced chemical equation for Lithium reacting with Water (Lithium Hydroxide)

Answer 22

2Li(s) + 2H₂O(l) -> 2LiOH(aq) + H₂(g)

Question 23

give the balanced chemical equation for Sodium reacting with Water (Sodium Hydroxide)

Answer 23

2Na(s) + 2H₂O(l) -> 2NaOH(aq) + H₂(g)

Question 24

give the balanced chemical equation for Potassium reacting with Water (Potassium Hydroxide)

Answer 24

2K(s) + 2H₂O(l) -> 2KOH(aq) + H₂(g)

Question 25

give the balanced chemical equation for Lithium reacting with Chlorine (Lithium Chloride)

Answer 25

2Li(s) + Cl₂(g) -> 2LiCl(s)

Question 26

give the balanced chemical equation for Sodium reacting with Chlorine (Sodium Chloride)

Answer 26

2Na(s) + Cl₂(g) -> 2NaCl(s)

Question 27

give the balanced chemical equation for Potassium reacting with Chlorine (Potassium Chloride)

Answer 27

2K(s) + Cl₂(g) -> 2KCl(s)

Question 28

What does effervescence mean?

Answer 28

bubble/fizz

Question 29

What are the observations of when Lithium reacts with water?

Answer 29

it floated on the water and effervescence releasing a gas, as it is an alkali it turned the universal indicator purple

Question 30

What are the observations of when Sodium reacts with water?

Answer 30

it floated on the water and effervescence releasing a gas, as it is an alkali it turned the universal indicator purple

Question 31

What are the observations of when Potassium reacts with water?

Answer 31

it floated on the water and burnt with a pink flame before exploding, as it is an alkali it turned the universal indicator purple

Question 32

What are the observations of when Lithium reacts with oxygen?

Answer 32

Burns with a red flame to form a white powder

Question 33

What are the observations of when Sodium reacts with oxygen?

Answer 33

Burns with a yellow/orange flame to form a white powder

Question 34

What are the observations of when Potassium reacts with oxygen?

Answer 34

Burns with a lilac flame to form a white powder

Question 35

what are some physical properties of group 7 elements?

Answer 35

poor conductors of heat and electricity, they are brittle and dull

Question 36

melting and boiling points .............. as you go down the halogens

Answer 36

increase

Question 37

reactivity ................. as you go down the halogens

Answer 37

decreases

Question 38

Why does reactivity decrease going down the halogens?

Answer 38

Halogens gain electrons to from ions. As you go down the group the atomic radius increases and the electron shielding increases, this outweighs the increased nuclear charge, therefore the attraction of the nucleus on the electron it is gaining decreases making it harder to gain.

Question 39

all halogens have ... electrons in the valence shell

Answer 39

7

Question 40

a more reactive halogen is able to displace a less reactive halogen from...

Answer 40

An aqueous solution of a halide compound

Question 41

Why does reactivity increase going down the alkali metals?

Answer 41

Alkali metals lose electrons to from ions. As you go down the group the atomic radius increases and the electron shielding increases, therefore the attraction of the nucleus on the electron it is losing decreases making it easier to lose

Question 42

Transition metals are good conductors of ..........................

Answer 42

heat and electricity

Question 43

Transition metals have .......... densities

Answer 43

high

Question 44

Transition metals have ........ melting points

Answer 44

high

Question 45

Transition metals are much ....... reactive than Alkali Metals

Answer 45

less

Question 46

What colour are compounds of transition elements?

Answer 46

Brightly Coloured

Question 47

What metals are often used as catalysts?

Answer 47

Transition metals

Question 48

Transition elements form more than 1 type of ........

Answer 48

ion

Question 49

What is the balanced symbol equation for when chlorine water is added to an aqueous solution of potassium bromide?

Answer 49

Cl₂(aq) + 2KBr(aq) -> 2KCl (aq) + Br₂(aq)

Question 50

What is the balanced symbol equation for when chlorine water is added to an aqueous solution of potassium Iodide?

Answer 50

Cl₂(aq) + 2KI(aq) -> 2KCl (aq) + I₂(aq)

Question 51

What is the balanced symbol equation for when Bromine water is added to an aqueous solution of potassium Iodide?

Answer 51

Br₂(aq) + 2KI(aq) -> 2KBr (aq) + I₂(aq)

Question 52

What are some observations of when chlorine water is added to an aqueous solution of potassium Bromide?

Answer 52

Changes from a colourless solution to a yellow solution

Question 53

What are some observations of when chlorine water is added to an aqueous solution of potassium Iodide?

Answer 53

Changes from a colourless solution to a red-brown solution

Question 54

What are some observations of when Bromine water is added to an aqueous solution of potassium Iodide?

Answer 54

Changes from a yellow solution to an orange solution

Question 55

Why are noble gases not reactive

Answer 55

They have a full outer shell which makes them very stable.

Question 56

What was John Newlands periodic table and when did he make it

Answer 56

John Newlands created his periodic table in 1864 and organised the elements in ascending relative atomic mass. He realised every 8 elements had similar properties so he started a new column every 8 elements so columns had similar properties. This worked up to calcium but then broke down so it was not accepted at the time.

Question 57

What was Mendeleevs periodic table and when did he make it

Answer 57

Mendeleev created his periodic table in 1869. It was the same as Newlands except he left gaps where he expected undiscovered elements to go causing elements with similar properties to be in the same column. This did not always work and some elements had to be moved to fit their chemical properties.

Question 58

What was Moseley's periodic table and when did he make it

Answer 58

Moseley arranged the periodic table by proton number rather than relative atomic mass. This fixed the flaws in the periodic table. He also left gaps for undiscovered elements.

Question 59

How does melting point change down the alkali metals?

Answer 59

Melting point decreases down the group

Question 60

How does melting point change down the halogens?

Answer 60

Increases down the group

Question 61

Describe the reaction between an alkali and a halogen:

Answer 61

* Vigorous reaction | * Produce a white solid