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gcse chemistry > C10 - Organic Reactions > Flashcards

C10 - Organic Reactions Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Fermentation?

A

The reaction in which enzymes in yeast turn glucose into ethanol and carbon dioxide (anaerobic respiration in yeast cells)

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2
Q

What is a functional group?

A

An atom or group of atoms that give organic compounds their characteristic reactions

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3
Q

What is a homologous series?

A

A group of related organic compounds that have the same functional group

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4
Q

What is the general formula of Alkanes?

A

CₙH₂ₙ₊₂

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5
Q

What is the general formula of Alkenes?

A

CₙH₂ₙ

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6
Q

What is the general formula of alcohols?

A

CₙH₂ₙ₊₁OH

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7
Q

What is the general formula of carboxylic acids?

A

CₙH₂ₙ₊₁COOH

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8
Q

How many carbon atoms are there for the prefix Meth-?

A

1

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9
Q

How many carbon atoms are there for the prefix Eth-?

A

2

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10
Q

How many carbon atoms are there for the prefix Prop-?

A

3

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11
Q

How many carbon atoms are there for the prefix But-?

A

4

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12
Q

How many carbon atoms are there for the prefix Pent-?

A

5

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13
Q

What does a displayed formula show?

A

The relative position of each atom and all the bonds between them

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14
Q

What does a structural formula show?

A

It shows how the atoms are arranged but not the bonds between them

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15
Q

What is the molecular formula of Methane?

A

CH₄

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16
Q

What is the molecular formula of Ethane?

A

C₂H₆

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17
Q

What is the molecular formula of Propane?

A

C₃H₈

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18
Q

What is the molecular formula of Butane?

A

C₄H₁₀

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19
Q

What is the molecular formula of Pentane?

A

C₅H₁₂

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20
Q

What is the molecular formula of Methene?

A

Methene does not exist, this is because the functional group of an alkene is the carbon double bond (C=C), however methene would only contain 1 carbon atom and therefore cannot exist

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21
Q

What is the molecular formula of Ethene?

A

C₂H₄

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22
Q

What is the molecular formula of Propene?

A

C₃H₆

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23
Q

What is the molecular formula of Butene?

A

C₄H₈

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24
Q

What is the molecular formula of Pentene?

A

C₅H₁₀

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25
Q

What is the molecular formula of Methanol?

A

CH₃OH

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26
Q

What is the molecular formula of Ethanol?

A

C₂H₅OH

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27
Q

What is the molecular formula of Propanol?

A

C₃H₇OH

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28
Q

What is the molecular formula of Butanol?

A

C₄H₉OH

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29
Q

What is the molecular formula of Pentanol?

A

C₅H₁₁OH

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30
Q

What is the molecular formula of Methanoic Acid?

A

HCOOH

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31
Q

What is the molecular formula of Ethanoic Acid?

A

CH₃COOH

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32
Q

What is the molecular formula of Propanoic Acid?

A

C₂H₅COOH

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33
Q

What is the molecular formula of Butanoic Acid?

A

C₃H₇COOH

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34
Q

What is the molecular formula of Pentanoic Acid?

A

C₄H₉COOH

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35
Q

What is the displayed formula of Methane?

A
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36
Q

What is the displayed formula of Ethane?

A
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37
Q

What is the displayed formula of Propane?

A
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38
Q

What is the displayed formula of Butane?

A
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39
Q

What is the displayed formula of Pentane?

A
40
Q

What is the displayed formula of Ethene?

A
41
Q

What is the displayed formula of Propene?

A
42
Q

What is the displayed formula of Butene?

A
43
Q

What is the displayed formula of Pentene?

A
44
Q

What is the displayed formula of Methanol?

A
45
Q

What is the displayed formula of Ethanol?

A
46
Q

What is the displayed formula of Propanol?

A
47
Q

What is the displayed formula of Butanol?

A
48
Q

What is the displayed formula of Pentanol?

A
49
Q

What is the displayed formula of Methanoic Acid?

A
50
Q

What is the displayed formula of Ethanoic Acid?

A
51
Q

What is the displayed formula of Propanoic Acid?

A
52
Q

What is the displayed formula of Butanoic Acid?

A
53
Q

What is the displayed formula of Pentanoic Acid

A
54
Q

Why are alkenes very reactive?

A

They contain a C=C double bond which can undergo addition reactions. During the addition reactions, the C=C double bond becomes a single C-C bond and other atoms join onto the 2 C atoms

55
Q

What is the the word equation for complete combustion with an Alkene?

A

Alkene + Oxygen -> Carbon dioxide + water

56
Q

What are the conditions for complete combustion with an Alkene?

A

Plentiful supply of oxygen and heat

57
Q

What is the word equation for halogenation of an alkene?

A

Alkene + Halogen -> Dihalogenal Alkane

58
Q

What is the word equation for hydrogenation of an alkene?

A

Alkene + Hydrogen -> Alkane

59
Q

What are the conditions for hydrogenation of an alkene?

A

60*C + Nickel Catalyst

60
Q

What is the word equation for hydration of an alkene?

A

Alkene + Water(g) ⇌ Alcohol

61
Q

What are the conditions for hydration of an alkene?

A

High temperature + High pressure + Catalyst

62
Q

Why must the products be removed as soon as they are made for hydration of an alkene?

A

The reaction is reversible

63
Q

What is the word equation for the complete combustion of an Alcohol?

A

Alcohol + Oxygen -> Carbon Dioxide + Water

64
Q

What are the conditions for the complete combustion of alcohols?

A

It requires a plentiful supply of oxygen and heat

65
Q

What is the word equation for an alcohol reaction with sodium?

A

Alcohol + Sodium -> Sodium Alkoxide + Hydrogen

66
Q

What is the word equation for oxidation of an alcohol?

A

Alcohol + Oxygen from an oxidising agent -> Carboxylic acid + Water

67
Q

What are the conditions of the oxidation of an alcohol?

A

Boiled with acidified potassium dichromate

68
Q

What is the displayed formula for the reaction of Propene with chlorine?

A
69
Q

What is the displayed formula for the reaction of propene with hydrogen?

A
70
Q

What is the displayed formula for the reaction of butene with water?

A
71
Q

What is the formula for the reaction of ethanol with sodium?

A
72
Q

What is the chemical formula for the oxidation of ethanol?

A
73
Q

What is the displayed formula for the reaction of ethanol with sodium?

A
74
Q

What is the displayed formula for the oxidation of ethanol?

A
75
Q

Are alcohols acids or alkalis?

A

Weak acids

76
Q

What are the uses of alcohols?

A
  • Fuels - burns cleanly
  • Solvents - Alcohols can dissolve many organic compounds that water cannot
  • Beverages
77
Q

What is a solvent?

A

A solvent is a substance that dissolves a solute

78
Q

What is the word equation for the reaction of ethanoic acid and magnesium?

A

Ethanoic Acid + Magnesium -> Magnesium Ethanoate + Hydrogen

79
Q

What is the word equation for the reaction of propanoic acid and potassium carbonate?

A

Propanoic acid + potassium carbonate -> potassium propanoate + water + carbon dioxide

80
Q

Do aqueous solutions of acids conduct?

A

Yes

81
Q

What type of acids are the carboxylic acids?

A

Weak acids

82
Q

What does volatile mean?

A

It evaporates easily and gives off a vapour at low temperatures

83
Q

What is the word equation for the formation of an ester?

A

carboxylic acid + alcohol ⇌ ester + water

84
Q

What are the requirements for the formation of an ester?

A

An acid catalyst

85
Q

What are the uses of an ester?

A
  • Perfumes (Distinctive smell)

* Food flavourings (Distinctive taste)

86
Q

What ester would be formed from butanol and ethanoic acid?

A

Butylethanoate

87
Q

What ester would be formed from methanol and butanoic acid?

A

methylbutanoate

88
Q

What chemical is displayed in the image?

A

Ethyl Ethanoate

89
Q

What does an alcohol lose in the formation of an ester?

A

Hydrogen ion

90
Q

What does a carboxylic acid lose in the formation of an ester?

A

Hydroxide ion

91
Q

What is the test for an alkene?

A

An alkene will turn orange bromine water colourless

92
Q

What is the functional group of an alkene?

A

C=C

93
Q

What is the functional group of an alcohol?

A

-OH

94
Q

What is the functional group of a carboxylic acid?

A

-COOH

95
Q

What is the functional group of an ester?

A

-COO-

96
Q

What are the properties of an ester?

A
  • Distinctive smell
  • Distinctive taste
  • Volatile
97
Q

How can ethanol be produced?

A
  • Fermentation

* Hydration of ethene (reaction with steam)

gcse chemistry (15 decks)

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