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GCSE Chemistry > C10 - Organic Reactions > Flashcards

C10 - Organic Reactions Flashcards

1
Q

What is Fermentation?

A

The reaction in which enzymes in yeast turn glucose into ethanol and carbon dioxide (anaerobic respiration in yeast cells)

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2
Q

What is a functional group?

A

An atom or group of atoms that give organic compounds their characteristic reactions

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3
Q

What is a homologous series?

A

A group of related organic compounds that have the same functional group

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4
Q

What is the general formula of Alkanes?

A

CₙH₂ₙ₊₂

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5
Q

What is the general formula of Alkenes?

A

CₙH₂ₙ

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6
Q

What is the general formula of alcohols?

A

CₙH₂ₙ₊₁OH

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7
Q

What is the general formula of carboxylic acids?

A

CₙH₂ₙ₊₁COOH

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8
Q

How many carbon atoms are there for the prefix Meth-?

A

1

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9
Q

How many carbon atoms are there for the prefix Eth-?

A

2

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10
Q

How many carbon atoms are there for the prefix Prop-?

A

3

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11
Q

How many carbon atoms are there for the prefix But-?

A

4

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12
Q

How many carbon atoms are there for the prefix Pent-?

A

5

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13
Q

What does a displayed formula show?

A

The relative position of each atom and all the bonds between them

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14
Q

What does a structural formula show?

A

It shows how the atoms are arranged but not the bonds between them

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15
Q

What is the molecular formula of Methane?

A

CH₄

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16
Q

What is the molecular formula of Ethane?

A

C₂H₆

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17
Q

What is the molecular formula of Propane?

A

C₃H₈

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18
Q

What is the molecular formula of Butane?

A

C₄H₁₀

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19
Q

What is the molecular formula of Pentane?

A

C₅H₁₂

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20
Q

What is the molecular formula of Methene?

A

Methene does not exist, this is because the functional group of an alkene is the carbon double bond (C=C), however methene would only contain 1 carbon atom and therefore cannot exist

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21
Q

What is the molecular formula of Ethene?

A

C₂H₄

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22
Q

What is the molecular formula of Propene?

A

C₃H₆

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23
Q

What is the molecular formula of Butene?

A

C₄H₈

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24
Q

What is the molecular formula of Pentene?

A

C₅H₁₀

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25
What is the molecular formula of Methanol?
CH₃OH
26
What is the molecular formula of Ethanol?
C₂H₅OH
27
What is the molecular formula of Propanol?
C₃H₇OH
28
What is the molecular formula of Butanol?
C₄H₉OH
29
What is the molecular formula of Pentanol?
C₅H₁₁OH
30
What is the molecular formula of Methanoic Acid?
HCOOH
31
What is the molecular formula of Ethanoic Acid?
CH₃COOH
32
What is the molecular formula of Propanoic Acid?
C₂H₅COOH
33
What is the molecular formula of Butanoic Acid?
C₃H₇COOH
34
What is the molecular formula of Pentanoic Acid?
C₄H₉COOH
35
What is the displayed formula of Methane?
36
What is the displayed formula of Ethane?
37
What is the displayed formula of Propane?
38
What is the displayed formula of Butane?
39
What is the displayed formula of Pentane?
40
What is the displayed formula of Ethene?
41
What is the displayed formula of Propene?
42
What is the displayed formula of Butene?
43
What is the displayed formula of Pentene?
44
What is the displayed formula of Methanol?
45
What is the displayed formula of Ethanol?
46
What is the displayed formula of Propanol?
47
What is the displayed formula of Butanol?
48
What is the displayed formula of Pentanol?
49
What is the displayed formula of Methanoic Acid?
50
What is the displayed formula of Ethanoic Acid?
51
What is the displayed formula of Propanoic Acid?
52
What is the displayed formula of Butanoic Acid?
53
What is the displayed formula of Pentanoic Acid
54
Why are alkenes very reactive?
They contain a C=C double bond which can undergo addition reactions. During the addition reactions, the C=C double bond becomes a single C-C bond and other atoms join onto the 2 C atoms
55
What is the the word equation for complete combustion with an Alkene?
Alkene + Oxygen -> Carbon dioxide + water
56
What are the conditions for complete combustion with an Alkene?
Plentiful supply of oxygen and heat
57
What is the word equation for halogenation of an alkene?
Alkene + Halogen -> Dihalogenal Alkane
58
What is the word equation for hydrogenation of an alkene?
Alkene + Hydrogen -> Alkane
59
What are the conditions for hydrogenation of an alkene?
60*C + Nickel Catalyst
60
What is the word equation for hydration of an alkene?
Alkene + Water(g) ⇌ Alcohol
61
What are the conditions for hydration of an alkene?
High temperature + High pressure + Catalyst
62
Why must the products be removed as soon as they are made for hydration of an alkene?
The reaction is reversible
63
What is the word equation for the complete combustion of an Alcohol?
Alcohol + Oxygen -> Carbon Dioxide + Water
64
What are the conditions for the complete combustion of alcohols?
It requires a plentiful supply of oxygen and heat
65
What is the word equation for an alcohol reaction with sodium?
Alcohol + Sodium -> Sodium Alkoxide + Hydrogen
66
What is the word equation for oxidation of an alcohol?
Alcohol + Oxygen from an oxidising agent -> Carboxylic acid + Water
67
What are the conditions of the oxidation of an alcohol?
Boiled with acidified potassium dichromate
68
What is the displayed formula for the reaction of Propene with chlorine?
69
What is the displayed formula for the reaction of propene with hydrogen?
70
What is the displayed formula for the reaction of butene with water?
71
What is the formula for the reaction of ethanol with sodium?
72
What is the chemical formula for the oxidation of ethanol?
73
What is the displayed formula for the reaction of ethanol with sodium?
74
What is the displayed formula for the oxidation of ethanol?
75
Are alcohols acids or alkalis?
Weak acids
76
What are the uses of alcohols?
* Fuels - burns cleanly * Solvents - Alcohols can dissolve many organic compounds that water cannot * Beverages
77
What is a solvent?
A solvent is a substance that dissolves a solute
78
What is the word equation for the reaction of ethanoic acid and magnesium?
Ethanoic Acid + Magnesium -> Magnesium Ethanoate + Hydrogen
79
What is the word equation for the reaction of propanoic acid and potassium carbonate?
Propanoic acid + potassium carbonate -> potassium propanoate + water + carbon dioxide
80
Do aqueous solutions of acids conduct?
Yes
81
What type of acids are the carboxylic acids?
Weak acids
82
What does volatile mean?
It evaporates easily and gives off a vapour at low temperatures
83
What is the word equation for the formation of an ester?
carboxylic acid + alcohol ⇌ ester + water
84
What are the requirements for the formation of an ester?
An acid catalyst
85
What are the uses of an ester?
* Perfumes (Distinctive smell) | * Food flavourings (Distinctive taste)
86
What ester would be formed from butanol and ethanoic acid?
Butylethanoate
87
What ester would be formed from methanol and butanoic acid?
methylbutanoate
88
What chemical is displayed in the image?
Ethyl Ethanoate
89
What does an alcohol lose in the formation of an ester?
Hydrogen ion
90
What does a carboxylic acid lose in the formation of an ester?
Hydroxide ion
91
What is the test for an alkene?
An alkene will turn orange bromine water colourless
92
What is the functional group of an alkene?
C=C
93
What is the functional group of an alcohol?
-OH
94
What is the functional group of a carboxylic acid?
-COOH
95
What is the functional group of an ester?
-COO-
96
What are the properties of an ester?
* Distinctive smell * Distinctive taste * Volatile
97
How can ethanol be produced?
* Fermentation | * Hydration of ethene (reaction with steam)

GCSE Chemistry (15 decks)

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