C1 - Atomic Structure Flashcards
What is an atom?
An atom is the smallest part of an element that can exist
What is a molecule?
A molecule is a substance that has 2 or more atoms chemically bonded together.
What is an element?
An element is a substance containing only 1 type of atom
What is a compound?
a compound is a substance containing 2 or more different types of elements chemically bonded together.
What is an aqueous solution?
the mixture made by adding a soluble to water
What is an atomic number?
An atomic number is the number of protons in the atom
What is a balanced symbol equation
a balanced symbol equation is a symbol equation in which there are equal numbers of each type of atom on either side of the equation
What is an electron?
An electron is a tiny particle with a negative charge
What is the electronic structure?
a set of numbers to show the arrangement of electrons in their shell
What is a group (In the periodic table)?
Vertical columns of elements (labelled 1 to 7 and 0) with similar properties
What is an ion?
An ion is a charged atomcaused by the loss or gain of electrons
What is an isotope?
An isotope is an atom of the same type (Same number of protons) but with a different number of Neutrons.
What is the law of conservation of mass?
The total mass of the products is equal to the total mass of the reactants.
What is the mass number?
The number of protons plus the number of neutrons in the nucleus
What is a neutron
A dense, neutrally charged particle found in the nucleus
what are the noble gases?
noble gases are very unreactive gases found in group 0 of the periodic table. They have a very stable electronic structure as they have a full outer shell.
What is the nucleus of an atom?
the very small and dense central part of an atom, that contains protons and neutrons.
What is the periodic table?
the periodic table is an arrangement of elements in order of their atomic numbers, forming groups and periods.
What is a product?
A substance made as a result of a chemical reaction
What is a proton?
a tiny positive particle found within the nucleus of an atom
What is a reactant?
a substance we start with before a chemical reaction takes place
What is a shell?
the orbit of the electrons follow around the nucleus
What is a state symbol?
the abbreviations used in a balanced symbol equation to show if reactants and products are solid (s), liquid (l). gas (g) or dissolved in water (aq)
What is a symbol equation?
an equation that helps you see how much of each substance is involved in a chemical reaction by showing the chemical symbols and formulae of all the reactants and products involved
What is a word equation?
a way of describing what happens in a chemical reaction by showing the names of all reactants and the products they form
how can compounds be separated?
chemical reactions
what is the word equation of water
hydrogen + oxygen -> Water
What is the balanced symbol equation for Water?
2H2 + O2 = 2H20
Who proved atoms existed and when?
John Dalton in 1800’s
What did John Dalton believe atoms where?
Tiny spheres which could not be divided or split
Who discovered Electrons and when?
JJ Thompson in 1897
What model of the atom did JJ Thompson propose?
Plum pudding model
What is the plum pudding model?
a sphere of positive charge with negative electrons embedded in it
Who discovered the nucleus and when?
Geiger and Marsden in 1913
How was the nucleus discovered and the nuclear model created?
Positive Alpha particles where fired at thin gold foil. Most particles went straight through the gold atoms suggesting that atoms are mostly empty space. Some where deflected suggesting that there was a positive centre to the atom. Some of the particles bounced straight back suggesting that the centre of the atom contains a great deal of mass.
What is the nuclear model?
in the nuclear model the atom is mostly empty space with electrons orbiting the nucleus which contains positive protons.
Who created the nuclear model/
Rutherford
Who revised the Nuclear model?
Bohr
What is the Bohr Nuclear Model
Bohr proposed that electrons orbit the nucleus in fixed shells
Who discovered Neutrons and when?
Chadwick in 1932
Atoms of the same element have the same number of…
protons
What is the charge and mass of a proton?
charge = 1, mass = 1
What is the charge and mass of a neutron?
charge = 0, mass = 1
What is the charge and mass of a electron?
charge = -1, mass = almost 0
What is found in the nucleus?
Protons and Neutrons
What is the radius of an atom?
1x10^-10 M
What is the radius of the nucleus?
1X10^-14 m
How do you calculate relative atomic mass?
((Isotope 1 x Percentage) + (Isotope 2 x Percentage)) / 100
how many electrons can fit in shell 1?
2
How many electrons can fit in shell 2 and 3?
8
How can you tell what group an atom is in?
How many electrons it has in the outer shell
What do ions gain or lose electrons to obtain?
a full outer shell
Does group 1-3 gain or lose electrons to form ions?
lose
Does group 5-7 gain or lose electrons to form ions?
gain
What are the diatomic particles?
Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Fluorine, Iodine, Oxygen, Chlorine, Bromine
(Have No Fear Of Ice CoLd BeeR)
How did Rutherford prove electrons where negative?
He sent a beam of electrons towards positive and negative plates, the electrons moved towards the positive plate proving they where negative.
What is the outer shell of electrons called?
The Valence shell
What is the Standard Form for pico?
X10^-12
What is the Standard Form for nano?
X10^-9
What is the Standard Form for micro?
X10^-6
What is the Standard Form for milli?
X10^-3
What is the Standard Form for kilo?
X10^3
What is the Standard Form for mega?
X10^6
What is the Standard Form for giga?
X10^9
What is the Standard Form for Terra?
X10^12
What is an extremely important step when answering a question about requried practicals?
INCLUDE DIFFERENT VARIABLE AT THE BOTTOM
CONTROL
INDEPENDENT
DEPENDENT
Whatr is the difference between a molecule and a compund?
A molecule is a substance which contains 2 or more atoms bonded together, whereas a compound is a substance which contain 2 or more TYPES of atoms chemically bonded together.
