C2 The Atom Flashcards
What subatomic particles make up the atom?
Protons
Neutrons
Electrons
Protons
Heavy and positively charged
Relative mass 1
Relative charge +1
Neutrons
Heavy and neutral
Relative mass 1
Relative charge 0
Electrons
Hardly any mass and are negatively charged.
Relative mass 0.0005
Relative charge -1
Where is the nucleus?
In the middle of the atom.
What does the nucleus contain?
Protons and neutrons
What is the charge of the nucleus and why?
Positive charge because of the protons
Where is almost all the mass of an atom concentrated?
In the nucleus
An example of the size of the nucleus
If you magnified a nucleus to the size of a rubbish bin in London, the electrons would be whizzing round the m25
What is the size of the nucleus compared to the overall size of the atom?
About a hundred-thousandth of the diameter of the atom.
Describe how electrons move around the nucleus
Electrons move around the nucleus in electron shells.
How are electrons charged?
Negatively
Size of electrons
They’re tiny, but their shells cover a lot of space.
Typical volume of electrons
10 to the power -10 m across
Mass of electrons
Virtually no mass, often taken as zero.
What are molecules made up of?
Two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds.
Is a molecule made of the same elements or different elements?
They can be made of the same elements (eg hydrogen) or different molecules (eg ammonia)
What are size are nanoparticles?
Bigger than simple molecules.
Can contain between a few hundred and a few thousands of atoms (1nm to 100nm)
What size are simple molecules?
Pretty tiny (like atoms)
Generally similar length to the atomic diameter.
Where is most of the mass of an atom to be found? (1mark)
In the nucleus
Put the following things in order of size, starting with the smallest:
Atomic radius, nuclear radius, nanoparticle, simple molecule.
Nuclear radius, atomic radius, simple molecule, nanoparticle
2 marks for all 4 correct, 1 mark if up to 2 are incorrect
