C2 Group 1 Elements Flashcards
What are group 1 metals known as?
Alkali metals
How are alkali metals stored and handled?
Stored in oil and handled with forceps
What type of reaction do you get between group one elements and water?
Vigorous reaction
List alkali metals (group1) 6
Lithium Sodium Potassium Rubidium Caesium Francium
How many electrons do alkali metals have in their outer shells?
One
What kind of reactions do group 1 elements have?
They are very reactive
What properties do group 1 elements share?
Soft and low density (first 3 in group are less dense than water)
List the trends for alkali metals as you go down the group 5
Increasing reactivity Lower melting and boiling point Higher relative atomic mass Higher density Decrease in hardness
What kind of structures do group 1 metals form?
Regular structures
What kind of bonds hold the regular structures formed by group 1 metals together?
Metallic bonds
How do the outer electrons behave in metallic bonds?
The outer electron of each atom is free to move around (delocalised).
There are strong attractions between the outer electrons and positively charged nuclei.
What happens to the atoms as you go down group 1?
They get bigger
What effect do bigger atoms have as you go down group 1 metals?
The nucleus is further away from the free electrons, so the attraction gets weaker.
What do weaker attractions mean for metallic bonds?
Less energy is needed to break the metallic bonds and turn the solid metal into a liquid and then a gas.
What effect do lower attractions have on melting/boiling point in group 1 metals?
Melting and boiling point decrease as you go down the group.
Weaker attractions mean less energy is needed to break the metallic bonds.
Why a re group 1 metals very reactively?
Because they readily lose their single outer electron to form a 1+ ion with a stable electronic structure
Complete this sentence
The more readily a metal loses its outer electron, the more……
……reactive it is.
What happens to the alkali metals as you go down group 1?
The alkali metals get more reactive.
Why is the negatively charged outer electron less strongly attracted to the positively charged nucleus, as you go down group 1?
Because it’s further away from the nucleus, less energy is needed to remove it.
What do state symbols next to each substance show?
What physical state the reactants and products are in.
List the state symbols 4
(s) solid
(l) liquid
(g) gas
(aq) aqueous
What does aqueous mean?
Dissolved in water
For chemical reaction symbol equation example see p 22
.
Explain the trend in reactivity as you go down group 1 (2 marks)
As you go further down the group, the outer electron is further away from the nucleus (1 mark)
This means the attraction between the nucleus and the electron decreases, so the electron is more easily removed. This results in an increase in reactivity (1 mark)
