C2 Metals And Non Metals Flashcards
What are most elements?
Metals
What can metals form when they react?
Positive ions
Where in the periodic table are they?
On the left hand side and towards the right and bottom of the periodic table.
Where are non metals in the periodic table?
Far right of the periodic table.
What is different about non metals (than metals) when they react?
Non metals don’t generally form positive ions when they react
How do atoms react to form a full outer shell?
By losing, gaining or sharing electrons
What effects mean that not much energy is needed to remove the electrons? (2)
Metals to the left of the table don’t have many electrons in their outer shell to remove
And
Metals towards the bottom of the table have outer electrons which are a long way from the nucleus, so feel a weaker attraction.
Why is it more difficult for non metals to form positive ions?
Because they are to the right of the periodic table (where they have lots of electrons to remove to get a full outer shell)
Or because they are toward the top of the periodic table (where the outer electrons are close to the nucleus so feel a strong attraction)
How are non metals most likely to get a full outer shell?
By sharing or gaining
Why is it more feasible for metals to lose electrons in a reaction?
Because not much energy is needed to remove the electrons to form positive ions with a full outer shell.
Which elements have metallic bonding?
All metals
Which elements don’t have metallic bonding?
Non metals
Properties of metals (7)
Generally shiny in appearance
Great at conducting heat and electricity
High density
High boiling and melting points
Generally solid at room temperature
Reactivity increases down the periodic table
Form compounds with ionic or metallic bonds
Properties of non-metals
Tend to be dull looking
Poor conductors of heat and electricity
Lower density
More likely to be gases or liquid at room temperature
Have lower melting and boiling points
Reactivity decrease down the periodic table
Form compounds with ionic and covalent bonds
What elements are found in group 2 and 3?
Transition metals
Where do you find transition metals in the periodic table?
In the centre
What are transition metal elements?
Typical metals and they have the properties of metals
What is different about the properties of transition metals?
They don’t show group properties, but they have special properties as well as typical metallic properties.
What special properties do transition metals have? 5
Can form more than one ion
Have a relatively high melting point
Metal ions are often coloured and so compounds that contain them are colourful.
Transition metals and compounds often used in manufacture of consumer goods and as industrial catalysts
Much less reactive than group 1 metals
What do industrial catalysts do?
Speed up the rate of a reaction
Give an example of an how iron is used as an industrial catalyst?
Iron is used as a catalyst in the HABER process for making ammonia
Give an example of transition metals/compounds that are coloured. 2
Potassium chromate (VI) - yellow Hydrated copper (II) sulphate -blue
What is the melting point of gold?
1064 degrees c
Give examples of transition metals forming more than one ion. (Copper)
CU+
CU2+
Give an example of metals that don’t react with water
Silver and gold
State three properties of metals. (3marks)
Metals tend to be shiny Good conductors of heat Good at conducting electricity High melting and boiling points Tend to have high densities (1 mark for each, up to a maximum of 3)
