C2:T2 - sport psychology Flashcards
define a skill
a skill in physical activity is a specific and defined task that can be learned and practiced
define a continuum
a line with a classification extreme at each end skills can then be placed on the continuum; the closer they are placed to the extreme, the more like that extreme they are
define a closed skill
a skill performed in a predictable environment
define an open skill
a skill performed in an unpredictable environment, where the performer has to react and adjust to the changing nature of the situation
on an closed - open continuum give a sporting example for
A - completely closed
B - in the middle
C - completely open
A - free throw in basketball
B - football penalty
C - rounders batting
define a basic skill
A simple skill requiring little concentration to execute
define a complex skill
a skill requiring a lot of attention and concentration
On a basic - complex continuum give a sporting example for
A - completely basic
B - in the middle
C - completely complex
A - running
B - somersault
C - handspring
define a low organisation skill
A basic skill that can be broken down easily into different phrases so each part can be practiced seperately
define a high organization skill
A skill that cannot be broken down easily and practiced separately because the phases of the skill are closely linked
On a low - high continuum give a sporting example for
A - completely low
B - in the middle
C - completely high
A - swimming
B - rugby tackle
C - netball shooting
what are the 4 practice types
fixed, massed, variable, distributed
define fixed practice
repeatedly practicing a whole skill within a training session
fixed practice, sporting examples
putting in golf, penalty kick in football, serving in tennis, goal kicking in rugby, diving practice in swimming
Advantages of fixed practice
effective for improvement, good for beginners, works for closed skill
Disadvantages of fixed practice
boring as your just doing the same thing over and over again
define massed practice
practice that occurs without breaks between trials
massed practice, sporting examples
tennis, badminton, volleyball, table tennis, boxing
advantages of massed practice
improves accuracy, helps body prepare to work with lactic acid
disadvantages of massed practice
boring, no rest, tiring
define variable practice
a training session that includes frequent changes of task so that the skill can be repeated in variable practice
variable practice, sporting examples
a conditional game, rondo, half court
advantages of variable practice
not boring
disadvantages of variable practice
not good for beginners, unpredictable on how much play time you’ll get
define distributed practice
intervals between skill practice in a training session for rest or mental rehearsal
distributed practice, sporting examples
pe lessons
advantages of distributed practice
allows feedback on performance, allows for rest, best suited for beginners
disadvantages of distributed practice
general feedback, less time on drill
what are fixed and massed practices
closed
what are variable and distributed practices
open
what does smart targets stand for
S - specific
M - measurable
A - achievable
R - realistic
T - time bound
what are the 4 types of guidance
visual, verbal, manual, mechanical
give some examples of visual guidance
- demonstration
- video
- picture
- tactics
- chart
what are the advantages of visual guidance
useful for all levels of performer, most dominant sense, allows you to see what is required, allows performers to copy what they have seen
what are disadvantages of visual guidance
demonstration must be good quality, some skills are too complex, not effective if performers aren’t paying attention
what are some examples of verbal guidance
- team talk
- 1 on 1 session
- side of court/pool side
what are the advantages of verbal guidance
useful for higher levels of performers, highlights key points, allows you to share basic info, allows for questioning which makes players think
what are the disadvantages of verbal guidance
information overload, boring, requires good listening, complex skills are difficult to explain
what are some examples of manual guidance
- showing how to hold the racket, club, bat
what are the advantages of manual guidance
good for beginners, allows some development of correct feel
what are the disadvantages of manual guidance
a movement can feel different when someone else is moving your body for you, performer may question whether they can complete the skill themselves
what are some examples of mechanical guidance
- swimming floats
- trampoline harness
- rock climbing harness
- f 1
- cricket bowling machiene
what are the advantages mechanical guidance
good for dangerous skills, allows performer to gain feel for a movement without fear, good for building confidence
what are the disadvantages of mechanical guidance
equipment might be expensive, performer can rely on equipment
define the term feedback
information received during a performance or afterwards about the performance
define intrinsic feedback
information a performer receives about their performance that comes from within and is linked to how a movement feels
define extrinsic feedback
information a performer receives about their performer from a coach: results and much analysis
define concurrent feedback
information a performer receives about their performance during the activity
define terminal feedback
information provided to the athlete after the performance
define mental rehearsal
practicing the skill in your head before actually doing it
define a psychological warm-up
a performer gets ready mentally to give their very best. This allows them to be fully focused on the performance and have no distractions
what might some people use during their psychological warm - up
music
