C1: T2 - movement analysis Flashcards
define axis
an imaginary line around which a body or body part can turn
define plane
an imaginary line dividing the body in 2
what is the FRONTal plane?
FRONT to back
what is the TRansverse plane?
TRouser line
what is the Sagittal plane?
Sides (left to right)
where does the sagittal axes pass through?
passes through the body from front to back
where does the vertical axes pass through?
passes through the body from top to bottom
where does the frontal axes pass through?
passes through the body horizontally
what movement does the frontal plane and sagittal axis allow?
a cartwheel/ sideways movement
what movement does the sagittal plane and frontal axis allow?
a somersault/ forwards backwards movement
what movement does the transverse plane and vertical axis?
a full twist/ a rottating movement
define levers
a rigid bar or object that moves around a fixed fulcrum with two forces applied to it
define class of lever
the type of lever. there are first class, second class, and third class levers.
define fulcrum
a fixed pivot point e.g. joints
define effort
the source of energy that will do the work e.g muscles
define load
the weight/resistance to be moved e.g a body part plus anything held or resistance met
for each class of lever state where the fulcrum is found
1 - middle
2 - left
3 - right
for each class of lever state where the load is found
1 - left
2 - middle
3 - left
for each class of lever state where the effort is found and which way the arrow is pointing
1 - right (down)
2 - right (up)
3 - middle (up)
what is the load arm?
the distance from the load to the fulcrum
what is the effort arm?
the distance from the the effort to the fulcrum
physical examples of 1st class levers:
when rowing state what would be the load, effort and fulcrum
rowing:
load - water
fulcrum - top of the oar
effort - biceps
physical examples of 1st class levers:
when doing a tricep dip, what would be the load, effort and fulcrum?
tricep dip:
load - body weight through the hands
fulcrum - elbow
effort - tricep
physical examples of 1st class levers
when nodding your head, state the load, effort and fulcrum
nodding head:
load - weight of the head through the chin
fulcrum - the joint of the top of the neck
effort - the muscles at the bottom of the neck
physical examples of 2nd class levers:
for a calf raise state the load, effort, and fulcrum
calf raise:
effort - gastrocnemius
load - weight of body through the centre of the feet
fulcrum - balls of feet
physical examples of 3rd class levers:
for a bicep curl state the effort, load and fulcrum
bicep curl:
load - dumbbell
effort - bicep
fulcrum - elbow
physical examples of 3rd class levers:
for kicking a ball state the effort, load and fulcrum
kicking a ball:
load - ball
effort - quadriceps
fulcrum - knee
how do you work out mechanical advantage
effort arm / load arm
true or false?
a third class lever always has a mechanical disadvantage
true because the effort arm is much closer to the fulcrum then the load arm
define mechanical advantage
a large load can be lifted with relatively little effort due to the effort ‘arm’ being long
define mechanical disadvantage
cannot lift as heavy a load with the same amount of effort due to the effort ‘arm’ being short
do 1st class levers have a mechanical advantage or disadvantage
mechanical advantage
do 2nd class levers have a mechanical advantage or disadvantage
mechanical advantage
do 3rd class levers have a mechanical advantage or disadvantage
mechanical disadvantage
give a none body example of a 1st class lever
see saw
give a none body example of a 2nd class lever
wheel barrow
give a none body example for a 3rd class lever
fishing
