C2: Formal statements of human rights Flashcards
1
Q
What is the International Bill of Rights?
A
UDHR + ICCPR + ICESCR
2
Q
When was UDHR made and how many articles does it have?
A
- December 10th 1948
- 30
3
Q
examples of UDHR articles?
A
- A4 - “no one shall be held in slavery or solitude”
- A3 - “everyone has the right to life, liberty, and security of peace”
- A9 - “no one shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest, detention or exile”
4
Q
Advantages of UDHR?
A
- most widely accepted HR documents
- set standards - aspirational statement
- 193 countries have accepted
- contributed to 20 treaties
5
Q
Disadvantages of UDHR?
A
- it is a declaration, not upheld by all and is not binding
- The UN has no enforcement mechanism
6
Q
When was the ICCPR created and how many articles does it have?
A
- December 16th 1966
- 53 articles (6 parts)
7
Q
examples of ICCPR?
A
- A8 - “No one shall be held in slavery”
- A20 - “Any propaganda for war shall be prohibited by the law”
- A19 - “Everyone shall have the right to hold opinions without interference”
8
Q
Advantages of the ICCPR?
A
- treaty, can be enforced if ratified
- Incorporated into Criminal code act1995 and Crime act 1900
- UNHRC makes a report card on each member nation
9
Q
Disadvantages of ICCPR?
A
- only 168 have signed and ratified
- certain Australian laws contradict ICCPR articles
10
Q
When was the ICESCR created and how many articles does it have?
A
- December 16th 1966
- 31 articles (6 parts)
11
Q
examples of ICESCR?
A
- A11 - “right of everyone to an adequate standard of living for himself and his family”
- A6 “Right to work”
- A1 - “All peoples have the right of self-determination”
12
Q
Advantages of ICESCR?
A
- signed and ratified
- recognises human rights creates an obligation on the government to provide such rights
- deepens understanding of human rights
13
Q
Disadvantages of ICESCR?
A
- countries can ignore/ opt out of certain parts
- only 162/193 have signed
- government required but not politics/money
