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HSC Legal year 12 > C2: Developing recognition of human rights > Flashcards

C2: Developing recognition of human rights Flashcards

1
Q

what is the abolition of slavery?

A

refers to the abolishment or removal of slavery

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2
Q

when was slavery first abolished and by who?

A

Iceland 1117

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3
Q

when did Britain abolish slavery and what was the act called?

A
  1. 1833
  2. Slavery Abolition Act 1833 (UK)
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4
Q

how is the abolition of slavery protected?

A

UDHR 1948 article 4
“No one shall be held in slavery or servitude; slavery and the slave trade shall be prohibited in all their forms”

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5
Q

why is the abolition of slavery important?

A
  • creates equality
  • fundamental for understanding that all people are free and equal
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6
Q

What are trade unions?

A

organisations that represent workers’ rights

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7
Q

what are labour rights?

A

Legal rights and human rights relating to labour relations between workers and employers

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8
Q

what act gave trade unions legal status?

A

UK Trade Union 1871

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9
Q

how are labour rights protected?

A

enshrined in UDHR 1948 articles 23-24

“Everyone has the right to work, to free choice of employment, to just and favourable conditions of work and to protection against unemployment.”

“Everyone has the right to rest and leisure, including reasonable limitation of working hours and periodic holidays with pay.”

“Everyone, without any discrimination, has the right to equal pay for equal work.”

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10
Q

examples of labour rights?

A

minimum wage, right to work, favourable conditions, maternity/paternity leave

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11
Q

importance of labour rights?

A
  • limit power
  • fixes the imbalance between employers and employees
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12
Q

effectiveness of labour rights?

A

somewhat, as some can’t join (china, Iran, Rwanda), and in Australia around 21 thousand underpaid.

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13
Q

what trade union act was for improving working conditions?

A

International Labour Organisation 1919

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14
Q

What is universal suffrage?

A

the right of all people to vote in a democratic election

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15
Q

who could originally vote?

A

white men of upper class

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16
Q

what prompted women’s vote?

A

19th century suffragettes

17
Q

when and who was the first country to let women vote? when did Australia allow women to vote?

A
  1. New Zealand 1893
  2. Franchise Act 1902 (cth)
18
Q

how is universal suffrage protected?

A
  1. UDHR article 21
  2. Australian Constitution S8, S30
19
Q

when could Aboriginal Australians vote?

A

1962

20
Q

effectiveness of universal suffrage?

A
  • prisoners can’t vote
  • many countries are autocracies not democratic (china, Venezuela)
21
Q

what is universal education?

A

right of all people to a basic (primary school) education

22
Q

how is universal education protected?

A
  1. UDHR Article 26
  2. ICESCR Article 13
23
Q

when did education first become compulsory?

A

Britain 1870 Education Act, for compulsory education 5-10yrs.

24
Q

effectiveness of universal education?

A
  • countries at war can not provide sufficient education (Syria)
25
Q

what is self-determination?

A

the collective right of a group of people to determine their own political status, language, education system, and society.

26
Q

example of domestic self-determination?

A

Native Tile Act Mabo

27
Q

example of international self-determination?

A

Indonesia becoming independent from the Dutch

28
Q

what happened 1960-1993 (SD)

A

53 territories become self-governing independent states

29
Q

where are there still issues with SD

A

Taiwan, Hong Kong, Crimea

30
Q

what are environmental rights?

A

the right of future generations to enjoy the same environmental quality

31
Q

why are environmental rights important?

A
  • rights are interdependent
  • needed for full enjoyment of other rights
32
Q

successful environmental rights project?

A

Stockholm declaration 1972

33
Q

failed environmental rights projects?

A

Rio Declaration 1992
Kyoto Protocol 1997

34
Q

what would affect global food population

A

4* temp rise

35
Q

as of 2017 where are Australia’s pollution contributors?

A

13th

36
Q

what are peace rights?

A

collective right of people to have their government maintain peace, and eliminate war.

37
Q

where are peace rights protected?

A

UN Charter Article 1

38
Q

when can countries attack another?

A

in self-defence

HSC Legal year 12 (5 decks)

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