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IGCSE Chemistry > [C2] Experimental techniques > Flashcards

[C2] Experimental techniques Flashcards

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1
Q

which equipment is used to measure time and what are the units? [2]

A

stopwatch
seconds

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2
Q

which equipment is used to measure temperature and what are the units? [2]

A

thermometer
degrees Celsius

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3
Q

which equipment is used to measure mass and what are the units? [2]

A

mass balance
grams

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4
Q

which 3 equipment’s are used to measure volume of a liquid and what are the units? [4]

A

measuring cylinder, volumetric pipette, burette
- cm³

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5
Q

which equipment is used to measure volume of a gas and what are the units? [2]

A

gas syringe
cm³

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6
Q

which process is used to separate 2 or more solids that are soluble? [1]

A

paper chromatography

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7
Q

how do you calculate Rf values in paper chromatography? [1]

A

distance moved by solute + distance moved by solvent

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8
Q

define a pure substance [1]

A

a substance that contains a single element or compound not mixed with any other substance

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9
Q

describe 3 ways that the purity of a substance can be assessed [3]

A
  • melting point
  • boiling point
  • chromatography
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10
Q

describe how melting point/boiling point can be used to asses purity [2]

A
  • a pure substance will have a sharp melting/boiling point.
  • an impure substance will melt over a temp range.
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11
Q

describe how chromatography can be used to assess purity [1]

A

a pure substance will only produce one well defined spot on a chromatogram.

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12
Q

describe 2 examples of where purity of a substance is important [2]

A

manufacture of compounds used in drugs & food additives

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13
Q

what is filtration used for? [1]

A

to separate an insoluble solid from a liquid

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14
Q

what is the filtrate in filtration? [1]

A

the liquid or solution that has passed through the filter

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15
Q

what is crystallisation? [1]

A

when a liquid that contains a dissolved salt is evaporated to leave the salt behind.

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16
Q

what is distillation used for? [1]

A

to separate a solvent from a solution

17
Q

what is the difference between immiscible and miscible liquids? [2]

A

immiscible liquids don’t mix but miscible liquids mix.

18
Q

how can immiscible liquids be separated? [1]

A

by using a separating funnel

19
Q

why can fractional distillation be used to separate miscible liquids/gases? [1]

A

because the liquids/gases have different boiling points

20
Q

Which piece of equipment is used to measure time and what are the units [2]

A

Stopwatch
Seconds

21
Q

Which piece of equipment is used to measure temperature and the units [2]

A

Thermometer in degrees celsius

22
Q

Which piece of equipment is used to measure mass and units [2]

A

Mass Balance
Grams

23
Q

Which piece of equipment is used to measure volume in gas and units

A

Gas syringe
cm³

24
Q

Which 3 piece of equipment is used to measure volume of liquid and units

A

Measuring Cylinder, Volumetric pipette and burette
cm³

25
Q

What process is used to separate two or more solids that are soluble

A

Paper Chromatography

26
Q

How do you calculate Rf values in paper Chromatography

A

Distance moved by solute ÷ Distance moved by solvent

27
Q

Define a pure substance

A

A substance that contains a single element or compound not mixed with any other substance

28
Q

Describe how chromatography can be used to assess purity

A

A pure substance will produce only one well defined spot on a chromatogram

29
Q

Describe 2 example of where purity of substance is important

A

Manufacture of compounds used in drugs and food additives

30
Q

Define volatility

A

How easily a substance evaporates / changes from liquid to a gas

31
Q

Define solubility

A

How easily a substance dissolves

32
Q

What is the difference between immiscible and miscble liquids

A

Immiscible > Liquids don’t mix
Miscible > Liquids do mix

33
Q

How can immiscible liquids be separated

A

By using a separating funnel

IGCSE Chemistry (14 decks)

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