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IGCSE Chemistry > [C14] Organic chemistry > Flashcards

[C14] Organic chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

Saturated

A

Contains only single bonds

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2
Q

Unsaturated

A

Contains one or more double bond between carbon atoms

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3
Q

Define Hydrocarbon

A

Contains ONLY hydrogen and carbon

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4
Q

Meth contains _ carbons

A

1

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5
Q

Eth contains _ carbons

A

2

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6
Q

Prop contains _ carbons

A

3

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7
Q

But contains _ carbons

A

4

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8
Q

Define Volatility

A

How easily it turns from liquid to gas

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9
Q

What is the Alkane general formula ?

A

CnH2n+2

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10
Q

What is the Alkene general formula ?

A

CnH2n

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11
Q

What it complete combustion ?

A

Having enough Oxygen (always produces Co2 + H20)

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12
Q

What is Homologous series ?

A
  • Same functional group
  • Each successive member differs by CH2
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13
Q

Suggest 3 reasons why bitumen is not used as a fuel.

A
  • viscous
  • not flammable
  • High boiling point
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14
Q

Explain why large hydrocarbon molecules in the diesel oil fraction are cracked to produce smaller hydrocarbon molecules.

A
  • More useful
  • Better fuels
  • Used to make alkenes
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15
Q

Describe the conditions needed to crack hydrocarbon molecules from the diesel oil fraction.

A
  • High temperature
  • steam & catalyst
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16
Q

What makes Alkane good fuels?

A

unreactive and burn well

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17
Q

Why are alkene unsaturated

A

Because they contain a double bond : means they contains 2 fewer hydrogen atoms

18
Q

Alkene are more ___ than alkanes

A

reactive

19
Q

What happens to bromine water when shaken with an alkene?

A

Causes solution to turn from orange-brown to colourless

20
Q

With a ___ catalyst, hydrogen can be added to a alkene

A

Nickel

21
Q

Adding hydrogen atoms across a carbon-carbon double bond is called ____

A

hydrogenation

22
Q

With a ___ catalyst, water can be added to a alkene

A

phosphoric acid

23
Q

that coal, natural gas and petroleum are
fossil fuels that produce _____ ____ on combustion

A

Carbon dioxide

24
Q

Describe the homologous series
[3]

A
  • alkanes and
    alkenes
  • with the same
    general formula
  • similar chemical properties
25
Q

State that cracking is a reaction that produces _____

A

Alkenes

26
Q

Ethanol may be formed by
[2]

A
  • Fermentation
  • catalytic addition
27
Q

Define polymers

A

as long chain molecules

28
Q

What is condensation reactions

A

2 monomers with different functional groups react and remove a small molecule.

29
Q

State the differences between addition polymerisation and condensation polymerisation

[2]

A
  • AP: Same functional group (alkenes)
  • CP: Different functional group
    ~ AP: 1 product
    ~ CP: 2 Products (Polymers and small molecule)
30
Q

State differences between fermentation and hydration

[5]

A
  • F: Low cost
  • H: Hight cost
  • F: Renewable
  • H: Non renewable
  • F: Low yield
  • H: High yield
  • F: Low temperature
  • H: Hight temperature
  • F: Batch production
  • H: Made 24/7
31
Q

What are the conditions for fermentation? [3]

A
  • 37 degrees
  • No oxygen
  • pH neutral
32
Q

What are the conditions required for cracking? [2]

A
  • High temperature
  • Catalyst
33
Q

Complete the word equation:
______ + _____ > ethanol

A

Ethene + steam

34
Q

Define homologous series

A

Same functional group each successive member differs by CH2

35
Q

Crude oil is a mixture of

A

hydrocarbons

36
Q

Describe how the industrial process of fractional distillation separates
crude oil into fractions [4]

A

● The oil is heated in fractionating column and the oil evaporates and
condenses at a number of different temperatures.
● Many hydrocarbons in crude oil can be separated into fractions which contains molecules with a similar number of carbon atoms
● The fractionating column works continuously. The vaporised oil rises up the column and the various fractions are
constantly tapped off at the different levels where they condense.
● The fractions can be processed to produce fuels for the petrochemical industry.

37
Q

Kerosene is used for

A

Fuel for aircraft

38
Q

Bitumen is used for

A

Surface roads and roofs

39
Q

In Complete combustion _______ & _________ are produced

A

CO² and H²O

40
Q

Temperature reached in car engines is _____ enough to allow ________ and oxygen
from air to react forming ___________ __ _______

A
  • high
  • nitrogen
  • oxides of nitrogen (e.g. nitrogen monoxide NO or
    nitrogen dioxide NO²)
41
Q

What creates acid rain?

A

sulfur dioxide and oxides of nitrogen

42
Q

carboxylic acids contain the functional
group __________

A

COOH

IGCSE Chemistry (14 decks)

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