[C14] Organic chemistry

Question 1

Saturated

Answer 1

Contains only single bonds

Question 2

Unsaturated

Answer 2

Contains one or more double bond between carbon atoms

Question 3

Define Hydrocarbon

Answer 3

Contains ONLY hydrogen and carbon

Question 4

Meth contains _ carbons

Answer 4

1

Question 5

Eth contains _ carbons

Answer 5

2

Question 6

Prop contains _ carbons

Answer 6

3

Question 7

But contains _ carbons

Answer 7

4

Question 8

Define Volatility

Answer 8

How easily it turns from liquid to gas

Question 9

What is the Alkane general formula ?

Answer 9

CnH2n+2

Question 10

What is the Alkene general formula ?

Answer 10

CnH2n

Question 11

What it complete combustion ?

Answer 11

Having enough Oxygen (always produces Co2 + H20)

Question 12

What is Homologous series ?

Answer 12

• Same functional group
• Each successive member differs by CH2

Question 13

Suggest 3 reasons why bitumen is not used as a fuel.

Answer 13

• viscous
• not flammable
• High boiling point

Question 14

Explain why large hydrocarbon molecules in the diesel oil fraction are cracked to produce smaller hydrocarbon molecules.

Answer 14

• More useful
• Better fuels
• Used to make alkenes

Question 15

Describe the conditions needed to crack hydrocarbon molecules from the diesel oil fraction.

Answer 15

• High temperature
• steam & catalyst

Question 16

What makes Alkane good fuels?

Answer 16

unreactive and burn well

Question 17

Why are alkene unsaturated

Answer 17

Because they contain a double bond : means they contains 2 fewer hydrogen atoms

Question 18

Alkene are more ___ than alkanes

Answer 18

reactive

Question 19

What happens to bromine water when shaken with an alkene?

Answer 19

Causes solution to turn from orange-brown to colourless

Question 20

With a ___ catalyst, hydrogen can be added to a alkene

Answer 20

Nickel

Question 21

Adding hydrogen atoms across a carbon-carbon double bond is called ____

Answer 21

hydrogenation

Question 22

With a ___ catalyst, water can be added to a alkene

Answer 22

phosphoric acid

Question 23

that coal, natural gas and petroleum are
fossil fuels that produce _____ ____ on combustion

Answer 23

Carbon dioxide

Question 24

Describe the homologous series
[3]

Answer 24

• alkanes and
  alkenes
• with the same
  general formula
• similar chemical properties

Question 25

State that cracking is a reaction that produces _____

Answer 25

Alkenes

Question 26

Ethanol may be formed by [2]

Answer 26

- Fermentation - catalytic addition

Question 27

Define polymers

Answer 27

as long chain molecules

Question 28

What is condensation reactions

Answer 28

2 monomers with different functional groups react and remove a small molecule.

Question 29

State the differences between addition polymerisation and condensation polymerisation [2]

Answer 29

- AP: Same functional group (alkenes) - CP: Different functional group ~ AP: 1 product ~ CP: 2 Products (Polymers and small molecule)

Question 30

State differences between fermentation and hydration [5]

Answer 30

- F: Low cost - H: Hight cost - F: Renewable - H: Non renewable - F: Low yield - H: High yield - F: Low temperature - H: Hight temperature - F: Batch production - H: Made 24/7

Question 31

What are the conditions for fermentation? [3]

Answer 31

- 37 degrees - No oxygen - pH neutral

Question 32

What are the conditions required for cracking? [2]

Answer 32

- High temperature - Catalyst

Question 33

Complete the word equation: ______ + _____ > ethanol

Answer 33

Ethene + steam

Question 34

Define homologous series

Answer 34

Same functional group each successive member differs by CH2

Question 35

Crude oil is a mixture of

Answer 35

hydrocarbons

Question 36

Describe how the industrial process of fractional distillation separates crude oil into fractions [4]

Answer 36

● The oil is heated in fractionating column and the oil evaporates and condenses at a number of different temperatures. ● Many hydrocarbons in crude oil can be separated into fractions which contains molecules with a similar number of carbon atoms ● The fractionating column works continuously. The vaporised oil rises up the column and the various fractions are constantly tapped off at the different levels where they condense. ● The fractions can be processed to produce fuels for the petrochemical industry.

Question 37

Kerosene is used for

Answer 37

Fuel for aircraft

Question 38

Bitumen is used for

Answer 38

Surface roads and roofs

Question 39

In Complete combustion _______ & _________ are produced

Answer 39

CO² and H²O

Question 40

Temperature reached in car engines is _____ enough to allow ________ and oxygen from air to react forming ___________ __ _______

Answer 40

- high - nitrogen - oxides of nitrogen (e.g. nitrogen monoxide NO or nitrogen dioxide NO²)

Question 41

What creates acid rain?

Answer 41

sulfur dioxide and oxides of nitrogen

Question 42

carboxylic acids contain the functional group __________

Answer 42

COOH