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Chemistry > C2 Chemical Resources > Flashcards

C2 Chemical Resources Flashcards

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0
Q

What is a crust

A

Outer layer of hard rock

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1
Q

What does the earth have ?

A

A crust, Mantle and a core

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2
Q

What’s the lithosphere

A

The crust and mantle

It is cold and rigid

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3
Q

What is the mantle

A

A solid between the crust and core

It is rigid

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4
Q

What is the earths core

A

It is the center
The inner core is solid
The outer core is liquid

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5
Q

What is the earths surface made up of

A

Tectonic plates of rock

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6
Q

Where do volcanoes and earthquakes occur?

A

At the edge of tectonic plates

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7
Q

How much doe tetonic plates move a year

A

2.5 c,

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8
Q

What do seismic waves tell us?

A

What’s happening below the crust

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9
Q

What is a shock wave

A

A seismic wave

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10
Q

What are the two types of wave

A

P wave and S wave

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11
Q

What does a S wave do?

A

It travels through mantle and detects solids

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12
Q

What does a p wave do?

A

It travels through liquid and the inner core

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13
Q

What is Pangea

A

A super continent that broke into smaller parts to form South America and Africa

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14
Q

How are volcanoes formed

A

Molten rock

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15
Q

What causes volcanoes to erupt

A

Oceanic and continental drift

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16
Q

What is subduction

A

Tectonic plates colliding.

Dense ones are pushed under the less dense ones

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17
Q

What forms igneous rocks?

A

Volcanic activity

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18
Q

First step of making semimentary rocks

A

Layers of sediments lay in lakes and rivers

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19
Q

Second step of forming sediment rocks

A

The layers get compressed

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20
Q

Third step of forming sedimentary rocks

A

Deposits of minerals create a cement

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21
Q

What is limestone

A

Sediment rocks and sheshells

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22
Q

Thermal decomposition formulae

A

Calcium carbonate = calcium oxide +Carbon dioxide

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23
Q

How is metamorphic rocks formed

A

Others rocks are heated and put under pressure

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24
Q

What is marble

A

A metamorphic rock made of limestone

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25
Q

What rock does fresh magma form?

A

Igneous rock.

Honeycomb

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26
Q

One property of igneous rocks

A

Hard due to crystal minerals

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27
Q

Example of an igneous rock

A

Graphie

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28
Q

Where are aluminium and iron extracted?

A

From ores in rocks

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29
Q

How is glass made

A

Melting sand limestone and soda

30
Q

What are bricks made from

A

Clay

31
Q

What is a problem with extracting rocks

A

Either emvirment
Quarry’s
Noise and pollution
Danger of unused sites

32
Q

How can you obtain pure copper

A

Electrolysis

33
Q

What does electrolysis mean

A

Separating with electricity

34
Q

What’s a cathode

A

The negative side

35
Q

What’s a anode

A

The positive side

36
Q

What is reduction

A

The gain of electrons

37
Q

What is oxidation

A

The loss of electrons

38
Q

Oil rig

A

Oxidation is loss

Reduction is gaiin

39
Q

What does recycling save

A

Money and resources

40
Q

What is an alloy

A

A mixture of a metal nod other elements

41
Q

What is steel and alloy of?

A

Iron and carbon

42
Q

Brass is an alloy of …..

A

Copper and zinc

43
Q

Bronze is an alloy of…..

A

Copper and tin

44
Q

Solder is an alloy of…..

A

Lead and tin

45
Q

Amalgam is an alloy of….

A

Mercury

46
Q

Nitinol is a special alloy why?

A

It has shape memory

47
Q

What makes iron corroded

A

It rusts when in contact with oxygen and watere

48
Q

Rust equation

A

Iron +oxygen + water = hydrated iron III oxide

49
Q

Why is aluminium a better than steel for car bodies

A

It has a lower density and is lighter

It corrodes less

50
Q

What elements are used to make a car and where

A 
Steel for body work
Aluminium for engine
Glass
Plastics doors and internal 
Fibers for covers of seats
51
Q

What neutralises each other’s

A

Acids and bases

52
Q

What is an indicator

A

a dye that changes colour

53
Q

The reaction between acids and bases is called what

A

Neutralisation

Acid+base = salt +water

54
Q

Metal oxides and metal hydroxides are what?

A

Alkalis and form neutralisation reactions with acids

55
Q

Acids and carbonates produce what?

A

Carbon dioxide, salt and water

56
Q

Acids and ammonia produce what…..

A

Ammonium salt

57
Q

What do fertilisers do?

A

Provide plants with essential elements for growth

58
Q

3 things plants need for growth

A

Nitrogen
Potassium
Phosphorus

59
Q

What’s the problem with fertilisers

A

They can damage lakes and rivers

60
Q

What is the sequence that happens in water due to fertilisers

A

Mega growth
Mega death
Mega decay

61
Q

What happens in the water when fertilisers go into lakes and rivers

EUTROPHICATION

A

Algae multiply to creat an algae bloom and blocks the light.
No photosynthesis = dead plants
Dead plants allow bacteria to decay them
This uses up hue oxygen and the river dies with the fish too.

62
Q

How do you prepared ammonium nitrate?

A

You do it in a lab and use a titration to neutralise the acid and base

63
Q

What is yield

A

It is the mass of product

64
Q

The harber process Is a What type of reaction

A

Reversible one

65
Q

What does the harber process need

A

Pressure of 200 atmospheres
Temp of 450
Catalyst of iron

66
Q

You need to minimise the cost of production on way is energy prices how do you do this?

A

High temps mean high running costs so lower temps are better

67
Q

Where is salt mined

A

Under Cheshire

68
Q

Electrolysis of brine gives what….

A

Hydrogen chlorine and NaOH

69
Q

What is brine?

A

Sodium chloride sollution

70
Q

What is given off at the cathode with brine electrolysis?

A

Hydrogen

72
Q

What is given off at the anode with brine electrolysis

A

Chloride gass

73
Q

what are optimum conditions?

A

ones that give the lowest production cost

74
Q

what differs in an euruption of a silica righ rhyolitic lava to an iron-rich basaltic lava euruption

A

iron-rich basalt lava is runny and so the eurption is fairly safe
silica-rich rhyolite is explosive and produces thick lava which can be violenty blown out of the volcano

Chemistry (10 decks)

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