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Chemistry > C1 Carbon Chemistry > Flashcards

C1 Carbon Chemistry Flashcards

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0
Q

What does finite and non renewable mean

A

No longer being made or being made slowly

They are used up faster than they are made

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1
Q

What is a fossils fuel?

A

Coal, crude oil and gas

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2
Q

What is crude oil a mixture of?

A

Hydrocarbons

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3
Q

What does factional distillation do?

A

It separates crude oil into useful products called fractions

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4
Q

How does fractional distillation work

A

It works due to different boiling points

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5
Q

What does it produce (7)

A 
Oil
Diesel 
Kerosene (paraffin)
Naphtha
Petrol
LPG( propane and butane gas) 
Paraffin
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6
Q

Name an environmental problem with crude oil

A

It can be exploited and damages the wild life

Oil slicks can case accidents

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7
Q

Which way does the temp gradient go?

A

Cold at the top and hot at the bottom. different boiling points can be seen and hydrocarbons extracted

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8
Q

Name one transportation problem with crude oil

A

Damages bird feather causing deaths

Use of detergents to clean up oil damages the wildlife

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9
Q

Name one political problem with crude oil

A

The uk is dependent on oil and gas politically.

There is also simply issues

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10
Q

What two things does cracking need?

A

A high temperature and a catalyst

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11
Q

What is cracking used to make

A

Liquid paraffin

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12
Q

Name the process that converts alkanes into smaller alkane and alkene molecules.

A

Cracking

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13
Q

What does cracking do and how?

A

Converts large hydrocarbons into smaller useful ones

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14
Q

Why is the amount of fossil fusels being burnt increasing?

A

Increasing world population
And
Growth of use in developing countries

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15
Q

What type of combustion needs a supply of oxygen

A

Complete combustion

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16
Q

Combustion equation in words

A

Hydrocarbon +oxygen =water + carbon dioxide

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17
Q

What does a yellow flame produce?

A

Lots of soot

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18
Q

What does incomplete combustion produce

A

Carbon monoxide which is harmful

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19
Q

What does air contain

A

Oxygen= 21%
Nitrogen =78%
Carbon dioxide =0.0035%

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20
Q

How did the atmosphere evolve?

A

It evolved form gasses escaping from the earth

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21
Q

How did the oxygen levels get to what they are today

A

Photosynthesis

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22
Q

What produced and oxygen and co2 rich atmosphere?

A

Degassing of early volcanoes

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23
Q

What formed the seas and oceans?

A

Condensing water

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24
Q

What are the three commons air pollutants

A

Carbon monoxide
Oxides of nitrogen
Sulphur dioxide

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25
Q

Why is there lots of nitrogen in the atmosphere

A

It is very reactive

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26
Q

How is carbon monoxide formed

A

It’s a poison gas formed by incomplete combustion of petrol and diesel in cars

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27
Q

What does oxides of nitrogen do?

A

Cause photochemical smog and acid rain. It is formed in car engine

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28
Q

Where is sulphur dioxide formed and what does it do?

A

It causes acid raid that kills fish and plants and erodes buildings. It is formed when fossils fuels are burnt

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29
Q

How is oxides of nitrogen made.

A

The high temp in the engine causes nitrogen to react with oxygen to create oxides of nitrogen

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30
Q

How do we prevent pollution?

A

A catalytic converter removes carbon monoxide front he exhaust fumes

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31
Q

What is a saturated compound?

A

A single covalent bond between carbon atoms

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32
Q

What is a unsaturated compound?

A

At least one double covalent bond between carbon atoms

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33
Q

What does a hydrocarbon contain

A

Hydrogen and carbon atoms

34
Q

What is an alkANE?

A

A single covalent bond c-c

Eg. Methane

35
Q

What is an alkENE

A

A double covalent bond c=c

Eg. Ethene

36
Q

How do you test for Allene’s?

A

Add bromine and shake it will go colourless.

37
Q

How do you test for alkanes?

A

add bromide and shake, it will stay the same and not change

38
Q

What is polymer

A

Lots of monomers

Poly =many

39
Q

What happens when you join lots of monomers

A

You create a polymer

40
Q

What melting point do polymers have.

A

A low one

41
Q

Name a property of polymers

A

They are stretchy and can slide over one another

42
Q

Name properties of gore tex

A 
Tough
Lightweight
Keeps out water
Breathable 
Let's sweat out
Coated I. Pfte
43
Q

Properties of nylon

A 
Tough
Lightweight
Keeps out water and uv
Keeps water vapour in
Sweat condensed
Not breathable
Small holes and tight
44
Q

Will polymers degrade

A

No they are non biodegradable and won’t decay or decompose by bacterial action

45
Q

Who dot up dispose of polymers

A

Land fill sites
Burn the,
Recycle them

46
Q

What is cooking?

A

A chemical change that forms a new substance , the process is irreversible

47
Q

What happens to eggs and meat when they cook?

A

They change shape and denature

It is a permanent change

48
Q

What happens to potatoes once cooked ?

A

The cell walls rupture and they become less rigid and softer

The starch grains swell and spread up.

49
Q

What do emulsifiers do

A

They help oil and water mix

50
Q

What is the water loving head called

A

Hydrophilic

51
Q

What is the water hating tail called

A

Hydrophobic it loves oil but hates water

52
Q

What does baking powder do?

A

Helps cakes rise

53
Q

How is baking powder made?

A

Decomposition of sodium hydrogen carbonate

54
Q

What is an Esther?

A

A perfume made synthetically

55
Q

Acid plus alcohol =

A

Esther

56
Q

What does volality mena

A

Ease of evaporation

57
Q

How does the perfume or smell evaporate

A

The particles need energy thus attracting the other molecules .

58
Q

Name 4 perfume Properties

A

Evaporated easily
Non toxic
Non reactive with skin
Insoluble

59
Q

Why won’t nail polish come off in water.

A

The attraction between the water is stronger than between the nail polish and the water

60
Q

What’s a solvent

A

A liquid that dissolves in the solute

61
Q

What’s a solute

A

Something dissolved in the solvent

62
Q

What’s a solution

A

A mixture of two substances (liquid)

63
Q

What does soluble mean

A

Dissolved the the solvent(only certain ones)

64
Q

What is a paint solvent

A

It thins paint and makes it easier to spread

65
Q

What’s a binding medium ?

A

It sticks the pigment to the surface

66
Q

What’s a pigment

A

Colour

67
Q

What’s is so special about oil paints

A

The pigment is dissolved an dispersed I the oil and the solvent is too.

68
Q

Paint is colloid what does this mean

A

It means the paint particles are mixed and dispersed with a liquid but not dissolved.
It does not separate as the particles are tiny

69
Q

How do normal Paints dry?

A

The solvent evaporates leaving the paint dry.

70
Q

How do oil paints dry?

A

The solvent evaporates
The oil is oxidised by the atmospheric oxygen
The paint is dry

71
Q

What does thermochromic mean

A

The paint will change colour in heat

72
Q

How is thermochromic paint used

A

In baby spoons and mood rings

73
Q

How is Phosphore used

A

Is glows in the dark and is used in watched

75
Q

How do things glow in the dark

A

They absorb and store energy then release it as light over time

76
Q

what makes up an atom?

A

nucleus

electrons in shells

77
Q

whats a ion?

A

charged atoms

78
Q

whats an ionic bond?

A

when a positive ion meets a negative ion they will be attracted and join to one annther

79
Q

what are the 4 types of additives?

A

colours
flavour enhansers
antioxidants
emulsifyers

80
Q

define the term additives

A

make food last longer and look/taste better

81
Q

whats an emulsifyer?

A

helps oil and water mix

82
Q

what deos it mean toby hydrophillic?

A

likes water, hates oil

the head of the emulsifer

83
Q

what does it mean to be hydrophobic?

A

likes oil, hates water

the tail of an emulisifyer

Chemistry (10 decks)

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