C2 Bonding Structure and Properties

Question 1

What is ionic bonding?

Answer 1

When an atom transfers electrons to another atom to form ions

Question 2

What type of elements form ionic bonds between them?

Answer 2

A metal and a non-metal

Question 3

What force holds ions together in ionic compounds?

Answer 3

Electrostatic forces (strong)

Question 4

What type of structure do ionic compounds form?

Answer 4

Giant lattices

Question 5

What is the charge on a Group 1 metal ion?

Answer 5

1

Question 6

What is the charge on a Group 6 element?s ion?

Answer 6

-2

Question 7

How many electrons are in the outer shell of an ion?

Answer 7

Full outer shell (e.g. 8 or if the first shell 2)

Question 8

Do ionic compounds have high or low melting and boiling points?

Answer 8

High

Question 9

Why do ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points?

Answer 9

Strong ionic bonds need a lot of energy to break them.

Question 10

When do ionic compounds conduct electricity?

Answer 10

Molten (melted) or in solution

Question 11

Why can ionic compounds only conduct electricity when molton or in solution?

Answer 11

The ions are free to move

Question 12

What is covalent bonding?

Answer 12

Sharing of electrons

Question 13

What type of elements form covalent bonds between them?

Answer 13

Non-metals

Question 14

What type of structure do covalent compounds such as chlorine, water and methane form?

Answer 14

Simple covalent molecules

Question 15

Do small molecules have high or low melting and boiling points?

Answer 15

Low

Question 16

Why do small molecules have low melting and boiling points?

Answer 16

Weak intermolecular forces (forces between the small molecules)

Question 17

Do larger molecules have higher or lower melting and boiling points?

Answer 17

Higher

Question 18

Do small covalent molecules conduct electricity?

Answer 18

No

Question 19

Why don’t small covalent molecules conduct electricity?

Answer 19

No charged particles

Question 20

Why are polymers solid at room temperature?

Answer 20

Relatively strong intermolecular forces

Question 21

What is the bonding in a polymer?

Answer 21

Covalent

Question 22

Do giant covalent structures have high or low melting and boiling points?

Answer 22

High

Question 23

Why do giant covalent structures have high melting and boiling points?

Answer 23

It is the covalent bonds that are broken and they are strong so need a lot of energy to break them.

Question 24

Why is diamond hard?

Answer 24

Strong covalent bonds (4 per carbon)

Question 25

Can diamond conduct electricity? Explain why.

Answer 25

No. No free (delocalised) electrons.

Question 26

Why is graphite a hard, solid at room temperature?

Answer 26

Strong covalent bonds (3 per carbon)

Question 27

Why can graphite be used as a lubricant?

Answer 27

Layers can slide over each other (weaker intermolecular forces between layers

Question 28

Can graphite conduct electricity? Explain why.

Answer 28

Yes. Free (delocalised) electrons can move and carry charge.

Question 29

What is graphene?

Answer 29

Single layer of graphite

Question 30

What properties make graphene useful?

Answer 30

Very good conductor of electricity, strong.

Question 31

What is metallic bonding?

Answer 31

Attraction between delocalised (free) electrons and positive ions

Question 32

Why can metals conduct electricity and thermal energy?

Answer 32

Delocalised (free) electrons can move and carry charge

Question 33

Why are alloys harder than pure metals?

Answer 33

Different sized metal atoms so the layers can?t slide over each other.

Question 34

Draw a sodium ion.

Answer 34

Question 35

Draw a chlorine molecule.

Answer 35