C1 Atomic Structure Flashcards
What is an element?
A substance made of one type of atom.
What is a compound?
A substance made of two or more elements chemically combined.
What is a mixture?
A substance made of two or more elements or compounds NOT chemically combined.
What technique do you use to separate water from salt water?
Distillation. The water will evaporate and then condense. The salt will remain.
What technique do you use to separate sand from salt water?
Filtration. The sand will be left in the filter (residue).
How many atoms are in a molecule of CO2
3
How many elements are in a molecule of CO2
2 (carbon and oxygen)
Write the word equation for the reaction between iron and oxygen to make iron oxide.
Iron + oxygen –> iron oxide
Balance this symbol equation. Mg + O2 –> MgO
2Mg + O2 –> 2 MgO
Describe the plum pudding model of the atom.
A cloud of positive charge with small negatively charged electrons scattered in it.
What two conclusions were made from the alpha particle scattering experiments.
The mass of an atom is concentrated in the centre (nucleus). The nucleus is charged.
How did Bohr and Chadwick improve the atomic model?
Electron shells
What is the radius of the atom?
0.1nm
How big is radius of the nucleus compared to the radius of the atom?
1/10,000 times smaller
What is 1nm in metres in standard form?
1 x 10-9 m
What is the relative mass of protons, neutrons and electrons?
1,1,0
What is the relative charge of protons, neutrons and electrons?
+1, 0 , -1
What does the atomic number tell you about an atom?
The number of protons (which is equal to the number of electrons)
What does the mass number tell you about an atom?
The total number of protons and neutrons.
How many protons, neutrons and electrons are in sodium?
11, 12, 11
How do atoms become ions?
Lose or gain electrons
What is an isotope?
Same element, different number of neutrons
How many electrons fit into the first, second and third electron shells?
2,8,8
Why do elements in the same column of periodic table have similar chemical properties?
Same number of electrons in outer shell.
