C1.5 Products From Oil Flashcards
What’s the general formula for alkenes?
CnH(2n)
Draw propene
Look it up :)
How do you test for alkenes?
Bromine water goes from orange to colourless
Define monomer
Small reactive molecules (alkene)
Define polymer
A long chain of monomers joined together
What do you need to change an alkene into a polymer? What’s this reaction called?
High pressure and a high temp catalyst
Polymerisation
Draw the reaction of the polymerisation of propene.
Look it up :)
What are the 5 steps of getting plastic?
- Crude oil is pumped from the ground
- Crude oil is separated into useful fractions by fractional distillation
- Longer alkanes are collected further down the fractioning column
- The longer alkanes can be broken down into smaller alkenes by cracking
- Plastics can be formed by polymerisation of the alkenes
What’s polyethene used for?
Plastic bags and bottles
What polypropene used for?
Crates and ropes
Name a natural polymer
Silk
Rubber
What’s a smart polymer?
Polymers that change in response to changes in their environment.
Eg. Stitches that tighten with body temperature and dissolve in water
What are hydro gels
They’re smart polymers that absorb water eg. Nappies
What are problems from plastic?
Litter
Air pollution
Not biodegradable
Hurts animals
What three things happens to plastics when thrown away?
Go to a landfill site
End up in the ocean
Recycled
Define biodegradable
Can be broken down by microorganisms
Give an example of a biodegradable plastic
Poly-lactic acid which is made of corn starch which is renewable and biodegradable
What can you add to plastic to make it more biodegradable?
Granules of starch
What are some problems with corn plastic?
Takes a while to grow corn
Expensive
What are the pros and cons of burning plastic?
Pros: quick, releases useful energy, cheap, carbon neutral
Cons: air pollution, produces toxic gases, non-renewable
What are the pros and cons of reusing plastic?
Pros: less pollution, saves energy, conserves crude oil, reduces landfill waste
Cons: takes a while to sort, litter, harms wildlife, may still end up in landfill
What are the pros and cons of recycling plastic?
Pros: less pollution, reuses plastic, can make other products, reduces landfill waste
Cons: takes a long time to sort out, worse quality, trucks need which contribute to air pollution, takes a lot of space
What are the pros and cons of rotting plastic?
Pros: no labour cost, doesn’t cost anything, convenient, bio plastics are made from plants, renewable source
Cons: landfill, needs land to grow, takes 1000 years to degrade, habitats destroyed
What is alcohol?
A group of organic compounds
What’s the alcohol we drink?
Ethanol
What’s the general formula for an alcohol?
CnH2n+1OH
What are the uses for ethanol?
Fuel Drinks Perfume Antiseptics Cleaning products
What are the two ways of making ethanol?
Fermentation with yeast
Hydration of ethene
What are the steps for fermentation with yeast?
Enzymes in yeast break down the sugar into ethanol and carbon dioxide gas
Sugar –yeast-> ethanol + carbon dioxide
What are the steps for hydration of ethene?
Ethene + steam –catalyst-> ethanol
Requires heat and high pressure
What’s the symbol equation for ethanol?
C2H5OH
What are the pros and cons of fermentation with yeast?
Pros - less energy, waste plant material can be used, carbon neutral, less fuel needed
Cons: takes a while to grow, increases food prices, batch process, takes up land, ethanol is impure
What are the pros and cons of hydration of ethene?
Pros: cheap, lots of crude oil, continuous process, produces no waste products, fast, ethanol is pure
Cons: non-renewable, needs lots of energy, high pressure needed, releases locked up CO2 in the atmosphere, risk of major oil spillage
What catalyst is used to crack hydrocarbons in the lab?
Ceramic pot
