C1.3 Metals And Their Uses Flashcards
What’s an ore?
A rock which contains a metal compound that is economically worthwhile to extract.
What’s a the top and bottom of the reactivity series?
Top - potassium
Bottom - platinum
What metals can you use electrolysis to extract them?
All the metal above carbon on the reactivity series.
Aluminium, magnesium, calcium, sodium and potassium
What metals are extracted using carbon?
Most metals below carbon on the reactivity series.
(Zinc, iron, tin, lead and copper)
Silver, gold and platinum are native.
What’s a displacement reaction?
When a more reactive element takes the place of a less reactive element.
Aluminium + iron oxide ->
Aluminium oxide + iron
Zinc + magnesium chloride ->
No reaction
What will carbon react with first instead of the metals below it?
Oxygen
Carbon + copper oxide ->
Copper + carbon dioxide
When do metal oxides form?
When a metal reacts with oxygen
What’s the reaction called when you remove oxygen?
Reduction
Iron sulphate + zinc ->
Iron + zinc sulphate
How do we extract iron?
Reduction in a blast furnace using carbon
In the top we out limestone, coke and iron oxide and hot air is blown into the bottom as its a good source of oxygen. The furnace is heated. The carbon reacts with oxygen to form CO2. The CO2 reacts again with the carbon to produce carbon monoxide. This then reduces the iron oxide to produce molten. Limestone reacts with impurities in the ore to produce slag which comes out on top of the molten iron. Wasted products come out of the top too.
Iron oxide + carbon ->
Iron + carbon dioxide
What temperature is the blast furnace when extracting iron?
1200-1500 degrees c
What’s the main feature of titanium and aluminium?
Low density
Corrosion resistant
How do we extract aluminium?
Electrolysis
You electrolyse aluminium oxide by mixing it with cryolite to lower the melting point from 2100 degrees to 900 degrees
Al 3+ ions are attracted to the cathode
They gain electrons and aluminium is formed.
What are some uses of titanium?
Hip replacements
Cameras
Glasses
Gears on bikes
How do you extract titanium?
Multiple steps
Displacement and electrolysis
What are the 5 ways of extracting copper?
Low grade ores - bio leaching
- phytomining
High grade ores - smelting
- displacement with carbon
- electrolysis
What are some pros and cons of smelting?
Pros - efficient, you get a lot of copper
Cons - pollution Requires lots of energy Produces sulphur dioxide Running out of copper rich ore Expensive
What are the pros and cons of phytomining and bioleaching?
Pros
Eco-friendly
Low grade copper is more common
Cons Not very efficient Some pollution Slow Humans have to work
What are properties of transition metals?
Malleable Sonorous High melting and boiling points Good conductors Strong Ductile
What do we use copper for?
Electrical wiring
Water pipes
What is an alloy?
A mixture of elements with at least one metal
What are the three copper alloys?
Bronze - copper and tin
Brass - copper and zinc
Steel - copper and iron
Give property of a low carbon steel
Soft and easily shaped
Give a property of a high carbon steel
Strong and brittle
Give a property of stainless steel
Resistant to corrosion
Good for cutlery
What are the novel methods of extracting copper?
Bioleaching
Phytomining
Define electrolysis
When you break down a compound using electricity
What does it mean if a metal is native?
It’s found pure/in its element form
What are some disadvantages of extracting metal ores?
Noise and air pollution Habitats destroyed Disrupts landscape Limited sources Expensive
What are some advantages of extracting metal ores?
Phytomining and bioleaching are quite environmentally friendly Could be a tourist attraction More jobs Boosts local economy Can sometimes get a lot of product
