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GCSE AQA Chemistry (old spec) > C1.3 Metals And Their Uses > Flashcards

C1.3 Metals And Their Uses Flashcards

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1
Q

What’s an ore?

A

A rock which contains a metal compound that is economically worthwhile to extract.

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2
Q

What’s a the top and bottom of the reactivity series?

A

Top - potassium

Bottom - platinum

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3
Q

What metals can you use electrolysis to extract them?

A

All the metal above carbon on the reactivity series.

Aluminium, magnesium, calcium, sodium and potassium

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4
Q

What metals are extracted using carbon?

A

Most metals below carbon on the reactivity series.
(Zinc, iron, tin, lead and copper)

Silver, gold and platinum are native.

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5
Q

What’s a displacement reaction?

A

When a more reactive element takes the place of a less reactive element.

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6
Q

Aluminium + iron oxide ->

A

Aluminium oxide + iron

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7
Q

Zinc + magnesium chloride ->

A

No reaction

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8
Q

What will carbon react with first instead of the metals below it?

A

Oxygen

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9
Q

Carbon + copper oxide ->

A

Copper + carbon dioxide

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10
Q

When do metal oxides form?

A

When a metal reacts with oxygen

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11
Q

What’s the reaction called when you remove oxygen?

A

Reduction

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12
Q

Iron sulphate + zinc ->

A

Iron + zinc sulphate

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13
Q

How do we extract iron?

A

Reduction in a blast furnace using carbon
In the top we out limestone, coke and iron oxide and hot air is blown into the bottom as its a good source of oxygen. The furnace is heated. The carbon reacts with oxygen to form CO2. The CO2 reacts again with the carbon to produce carbon monoxide. This then reduces the iron oxide to produce molten. Limestone reacts with impurities in the ore to produce slag which comes out on top of the molten iron. Wasted products come out of the top too.

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14
Q

Iron oxide + carbon ->

A

Iron + carbon dioxide

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15
Q

What temperature is the blast furnace when extracting iron?

A

1200-1500 degrees c

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16
Q

What’s the main feature of titanium and aluminium?

A

Low density

Corrosion resistant

17
Q

How do we extract aluminium?

A

Electrolysis
You electrolyse aluminium oxide by mixing it with cryolite to lower the melting point from 2100 degrees to 900 degrees
Al 3+ ions are attracted to the cathode
They gain electrons and aluminium is formed.

18
Q

What are some uses of titanium?

A

Hip replacements
Cameras
Glasses
Gears on bikes

19
Q

How do you extract titanium?

A

Multiple steps

Displacement and electrolysis

20
Q

What are the 5 ways of extracting copper?

A

Low grade ores - bio leaching
- phytomining

High grade ores - smelting

                         - displacement with carbon
                         - electrolysis
21
Q

What are some pros and cons of smelting?

A

Pros - efficient, you get a lot of copper

Cons - pollution
Requires lots of energy
Produces sulphur dioxide
Running out of copper rich ore
Expensive
22
Q

What are the pros and cons of phytomining and bioleaching?

A

Pros
Eco-friendly
Low grade copper is more common

Cons
Not very efficient
Some pollution
Slow
Humans have to work
23
Q

What are properties of transition metals?

A 
Malleable
Sonorous
High melting and boiling points
Good conductors 
Strong
Ductile
24
Q

What do we use copper for?

A

Electrical wiring

Water pipes

25
Q

What is an alloy?

A

A mixture of elements with at least one metal

26
Q

What are the three copper alloys?

A

Bronze - copper and tin
Brass - copper and zinc
Steel - copper and iron

27
Q

Give property of a low carbon steel

A

Soft and easily shaped

28
Q

Give a property of a high carbon steel

A

Strong and brittle

29
Q

Give a property of stainless steel

A

Resistant to corrosion

Good for cutlery

30
Q

What are the novel methods of extracting copper?

A

Bioleaching

Phytomining

31
Q

Define electrolysis

A

When you break down a compound using electricity

32
Q

What does it mean if a metal is native?

A

It’s found pure/in its element form

33
Q

What are some disadvantages of extracting metal ores?

A 
Noise and air pollution
Habitats destroyed
Disrupts landscape
Limited sources
Expensive
34
Q

What are some advantages of extracting metal ores?

A 
Phytomining and bioleaching are quite environmentally friendly
Could be a tourist attraction
More jobs
Boosts local economy
Can sometimes get a lot of product

GCSE AQA Chemistry (old spec) (13 decks)

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