C15 Organic reactions Flashcards
What is a homologous series?
a group of compounds with the same functional group
What is a functional group?
A group of atoms that determines the properties of a compound
What are alkenes?
A homologous series with a double carbon-carbon bond
What is the product from an addition reaction of an alkene with a hydrogen?
An alkane
What is the product from an addition reaction of an alkene with a halogen?
A haloalkane
What conditions are required for the addition reaction of an alkene with steam?
High temperature
High pressure
and a Catalyst
What are alcohols?
A homologous series with an -OH group
How are alcohols produced?
Steam with an alkene or fermentation
What conditions are required to produce alcohols by fermenting?
Sugar solutions with yeast mixed in
Warm
Sealed vessel
Name the first four alcohols
Methanol
Ethanol
Propanol
Butanol
What are the products of a reaction between an alcohol and sodium?
Hydrogen and an alkoxide
What is the organic product formed by the oxidation of an alcohol?
Carboxylic acid
Name an oxidising agent
Acidified potassium dichromate
What are carboxylic acids?
A homologous series with a -COOH group
What do carboxylic acids form when they react with sodium carbonate?
salt
carbon dioxide
water
How are carboxylic acids produced?
Oxidation of alcohols
Name the first four carboxylic acid
Methanoic acid
Ethanoic acid
Propanoic acid
Butanoic acid
What is the organic product of a reaction between a carboxylic acid and an alcohol?
An ester
What catalyst is normally used in the formation of esters?
Concentrated sulfuric acid
What occurs when pure carboxylic acids are added to water
A weak acid is formed
What are alkenes used for?
-Formation of polymers
-A chemical feedstock
What are alcohols used for?
Beverages
Perfumes
Aftershave
Mouthwash
Solvents
What are carboxylic acids used for?
Ethanoic acid is used in vinegar
Combustion reaction of alcohols
Combust easily, burn with a blue flame
Produce carbon dioxide and water
Combustion reaction of carboxylic acids
They can undergo combustion but they are not widely used as fuel
Combustion reaction of alkenes
Complete will produce carbon dioxide and water
Incomplete will result in a smoky yellow flame
Both types of alkene combustion release less energy per mole than alkanes
