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GCSE CHEMISTRY > C14 Crude oil and fuels > Flashcards

C14 Crude oil and fuels Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a hydrocarbon?

A

Compound containing only hydrogen and carbon

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2
Q

How is crude oil formed?

A

Over millions of years from the remains of ancient biomass

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3
Q

What are the alkanes?

A

Hydrocarbons that only have single bonds

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4
Q

How does the boiling point of a hydrocarbon depend on chain length?

A

Longer chain, higher boiling point

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5
Q

How does viscosity depend on chain length?

A

The longer the chain the higher the viscosity

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6
Q

How can different alkanes in crude oil be seperated?

A

Fractional distillation

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7
Q

Name 5 useful fuels produced from fractional distillation

A

Petrol
Diesel
Kerosene
Heavy fuel oil
Liquefied petroleum gases

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8
Q

What is kerosene used for?

A

Airplane fuel

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9
Q

What is the most viscous remaining oil found at the bottom of a distillation tower used for?

A

This residue is used for making roads and roofs

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10
Q

What is diesel used for?

A

Fuels for vans, trucks and larger cars

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11
Q

How does the fractional distillation process work?

A
  1. Crude oil is vapourised
  2. Hydrocarbon gases
    enter column
  3. Hydrocarbon gases rise
    rise up in the column
  4. Hydrocarbon gases
    condense at the
    different temperatures
  5. Product is collected
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12
Q

What is cracking?

A

Breaking down a hydrocarbon with long chains in to smaller more useful ones

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13
Q

What are the two methods of cracking?

A

Steam cracking
Catalytic cracking

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14
Q

What are the products of cracking?

A

Short chain alkanes and alkenes

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15
Q

What are alkenes?

A

Hydrocarbons with one double bond

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16
Q

What are alkenes used for?

A

Formation of polymers

17
Q

Describe the reactivity of alkenes compared to alkanes

A

alkenes are much more reactive

18
Q

How can you test for alkenes?

A

Alkenes turn orange bromine water colourless

19
Q

How does catalytic cracking work?

A

Vaporise the hydrocarbons then pass them over a hot catalyst

20
Q

How does steam cracking work?

A

Mix the hydrocarbons with steam at a very high temperature

21
Q

What are the products of complete combustion?

A

Carbon dioxide and water

22
Q

What conditions are needed for cracking

A

High temp from 300° to 900°

Steam or a catalyst

GCSE CHEMISTRY (20 decks)

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